美国内布拉斯加州林肯市犯罪行为的聚类及热点分布分析

抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为是日常生活中最长见的违法行为,而这两种违法行为的发生有一定的规律可循。例如抢劫行为主要发生在市中心、CBD和商业中心的人群、商铺密集区域,而入室盗窃则多发生于生活社区及其周边地带。然而,想要防范这两种犯罪行为需要根据实际情况进行分析和比对,结合分析结果提出准确合理的警力部署。美国内布拉斯加州林肯市警察局针对该市抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为高发的情况,需要针对具体分析结果对于警力进行部署,主要针对徒步巡逻和是否需要对住户进行入户警示进行分析,根据分析结果进行具体部署。本文中使用的分析方法为紧邻层空间聚类分析(NNH)和针对犯罪的空间和时间分析法(SPAC),分别对林肯市入室行窃和抢劫的数据进行分析并尝试将两种方法进行对比以便给出更加科学的分析报告。     

MAPGIS二次开发软件Section和Excel软件在编绘矿业权设置方案图件的交互应用与探讨

在矿业权设置方案中,矿业权现状图及矿业权设置平面图分别是一定区域内矿业权现状分布和矿业权设置方案的直观体现。本文详细介绍MAPGIS二次开发软件Section和Microsoft Office Excel软件在编辑制作该类图件的交互应用和体会。     

城中村摸查测量项目中存在的若干问题与建议

城中村摸查测量项目是一个集地形测绘、房产测量、附属物清点等内容于一体的综合性工程项目,一般具有工期短、工作量大、投入人员多、外部工作环境复杂等特点,本文详细介绍了此类项目的主要工作内容、工作的重点和难点,并对项目实施过程中的一些常见问题给出了一些有意义的建议.     

基于“房地合一”的多源地楼房数据整理及质量检查方法

为了解决由于“房、地”实行分开登记造成的房产档案归集分散、权属不清、利用不准、错误不断等问题,需要实现“房地合一”管理,而实现“房地合一”的关键就是进行地楼房数据整理。地楼房数据整理主要对多源数据整理,包括产权数据、保障房数据、直管房数据、地籍分幅图、测绘案件数据、二调数据等,整理方法包括地籍分幅图整理、产权数据整理、房产测绘数据整理、直管房和保障房数据整理、地楼房数据关联、数据库建设等。为了提高产权落地数据的准确性,保证数据的质量,对地楼房数据整理成果要进行质量检查,检查方法是先进行总体检查,然后进行细节检查。     

面向活动地点推荐的个人时空可达性方法

如何在时空制约条件下合理安排个人活动与出行是现代社会中人们日常工作和生活的迫切需求。个人时空可达性研究以个人时空行为视角聚焦个人在时空条件下开展各种活动的自由度,长期以来一直受到人文地理学、社会学和交通工程学等领域的广泛关注。本文基于时间地理学理论,提出一种个人时空可达性方法,顾及活动地点开放时间、最短活动时长及个人活动偏好,实现个人时空可达性分析与评价。然后,利用城市餐饮类服务设施空间位置、营业时间、公众评级等多维时空属性信息及城市路网数据检验方法有效性。本文提出的个人时空可达性方法可为空间规划、时空行为研究提供方法支撑,同时,面向个性化活动地点推荐,可为个人智慧出行提供策略与指导,并且在公众位置信息服务及位置社交网络内容服务等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Learning where to offend: Effects of past on future burglary locations

Informed by a growing literature on space-time patterns of repeat and near repeat burglary victimization, a crime location choice model was used to test whether burglars are attracted to areas they previously targeted. Using data in 3337 detected burglaries from one UK police force, and accounting for the distance to the offender's residence, and for other factors that make target areas attractive to burglars, it was demonstrated that burglars were more likely to commit a burglary in an area they had targeted before. This was particularly the case if the prior burglary was (very) recent. Areas near to those in which burglaries had been committed were also more likely to be selected.     

新疆红枣消费者购买行为:包装偏好、购买渠道与支付水平

基于北京和上海429位消费者的抽样调查,采用Logistic模型,研究消费者对新疆红枣的购买行为及影响因素.结果表明:北京和上海消费者都偏好购买超市的袋装红枣,年支出水平多在300元以下.年龄、收入、购买目的均影响两地消费者购买新疆红枣,此外,外观和质量认知对北京消费者购买行为有显著影响,上海消费者还受性别、受教育程度及营养认知的影响.最后为新疆红枣产业的市场拓展提出建议,包括加大宣传力度、明确市场定位和保证红枣质量.     

Water laws in the Andes: A promising precedent for challenging neoliberalism

The purpose of this article is to analyze the advances of, and obstacles to, progressive attempts at modifying the balance of power over water through the use of the law as a tool for social transformation and to characterize the alternatives based on the ways in which they challenge neoliberal principles. The study of such dynamics using a broad perspective on the law which includes not only written laws, but also historical moments in which water laws were created and used, provides a platform to discern alternatives that in many cases might otherwise remain invisible.We critically analyze the major legal contradictions and tensions in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru that suggest post- and counter-neoliberal alternatives. First, certain alternatives indicate a break from neoliberal principles based on relational ontologies (that avoid divisions between nature and culture as well as between individuals and communities). Such breaks include the statement that water is a common good or a common resource for the benefit of all, the goal to re-establish the human connection with nature, and support for a water provision system based on reciprocity, community and cooperative principles. Second, additional proposals that can be characterized as counter-neoliberal oppose neoliberal means or outcomes, such as proposals for more equitable water allocation or inclusive participation mechanisms for decision making. Both counter- and post-neoliberal alternatives also find much resistance in water laws; however, they do represent progressive alternatives that reach state laws and challenge neoliberal conceptions of nature.     

Recurrent spring‐fed rivers in a Middle to Late Pleistocene semi‐arid grassland: Implications for environments of early humans in the Lake Victoria Basin,Kenya

The effect of changing palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment on human evolution during the Pleistocene is debated, but hampered by few East African records directly associated with archaeological sites prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Middle to Late Pleistocene deposits on the shoreline of eastern Lake Victoria preserve abundant vertebrate fossils and Middle Stone Age arte‐facts associated with riverine tufas at the base of the deposits, which are ideal for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. New data from tufas identified on Rusinga Island and on the mainland near Karungu, Kenya are provided from outcrop, thin sections, mineralogical, stable isotopic and U‐series dating analyses. Tufa is identified in four sites: Nyamita (94·0 ± 3·3 and 111·4 ± 4·2 ka); Kisaaka, Aringo (455 ± 45 ka); and Obware. The age ranges of these tufa deposits demonstrate that spring‐fed rivers were a recurrent, variably preserved feature on the Pleistocene landscape for ca 360 kyr. Poor sorting of clastic facies from all sites indicates flashy, ephemeral discharge, but these facies are commonly associated with barrage tufas, paludal environments with δ¹³C values of ca 10‰ indicative of C₃ plants and fossil Hippopotamus, all of which indicate a perennial water source. Other tufa deposits from Nyamita, Obware and Aringo have a mixed C₃/C₄ signature consistent with a semi‐arid C₄ grassland surrounding these spring‐fed rivers. The δ¹⁸O values of tufa from Nyamita are on average ca 1‰ more negative than calcite precipitated from modern rainfall in the region, suggesting greater contribution of depleted monsoonal input, similar to the Last Glacial Maximum. Microdebitage and surface‐collected artefacts indicate that early modern humans were utilizing these spring‐fed rivers. The presence of spring?fed rivers would have afforded animals a reliable water source, sustaining a diverse plant and animal community in an otherwise arid environment.     

产权产籍数据整理方案中GIS作用的探讨

自2000年以来,房屋产权经历了由纸质到电子,权证关联到统一房屋代码编码关联的过程,系统也由1代升级到2代、甚至3,4代。由于原产权产籍系统关联中缺乏空间位置信息,自然房屋与权属信息可能存在一对多的关系,或多对一的关系,加上一代系统的不成熟性,容易导致权属登记中的产权关联的多种错误。为了能对系统错误的历史数据进行准确整理,并实现在房屋全生命周期中以图管房,图、属、档一体化管理,现就充分利用对图形和属性信息进行科学管理与分析的功能,提出基于房屋全生命周期的综合信息管理体系架构基础上进行数据整理工作的方案。最终在空间数据和非空间数据异化的数据整理及管理的基础上实现数据的高度共享和一致性,为相关主管部门提供一套行之有效的数据整理方案,优化政府部门办公效率、提升公众服务水平。