车尔臣河出口径流量的还原分析

车尔臣河是巴州南部产水量最大的以冰雪融水为主要补给来源的山溪性河流,出山口处无水文站,在距车尔臣河山口以下85 km处设立有国家基本水文站—且末水文站,该站是唯一一个控制车尔臣河水量的站点,本文通过两次同期在且末水文站和且末水文站上游50 km处的巴什克其克电站和且末水文站上游85 km处的出山口处的对比观测的资料,分...     

低碳住区水环境规划设计研究

从低碳住区规划设计的理念出发,总结低碳住区水环境的涵义,阐述住区水环境设计现状并指出国内住区水环境存在的问题.提出低碳住区水环境规划设计应采用分质给排水、中水、景观以及雨水回收水循环系统相结合的策略,保证低碳住区水环境的可持续发展.     

郑州市郑东新区深部地热资源研究

通过对郑州市郑东新区深部地热的地质条件、地热流体特征、热储特征及其埋藏条件,进行了论述;分析地热流体特征及地温场特征;初步建立了地热模型,对地热资源和地热可采资源量及地热流体质量进行了评价;提出了地热资源的开发利用方向、保护措施及建议。     

Studies on ecological characteristics variation and population dynamics of four lizardfishes in the southern Taiwan Straits

The ecological characteristics of four lizardfishes, Trachinocephalus myops, Saurida undosquamis, Saurida tumbil and Saurida elongata, were studied from specimens (910 T. myops, 454 S. un-dosquamis, 686 S. tumbil and 744 S. elongata) collected monthly in the southern Taiwan Straits from April 2005 to March 2006. The population dynamics of the four lizardfishes was also discussed by the comparison with the previous studies. All being composed of 7 a classes; the dominant group of T. myops and S. tumbil was 1-2 a, while S. undosquamis and S. elongate were 2-3 a. The total mortality coefficient Z and the fishing mortality F were at high as indicated by the exploitation ratio E(>0.5), and a large number of by-caught juvenile and young fishes showing that the stock of lizardfishes in this area was overexploited and the fishing gear was irrational. Compared with the previous studies, the maximum and mean fork length, body mass and age of the four lizard-fishes declined gradually, the lizardfishes populations were younger in age and smaller in size. The asymptotic fork length L_∞ decreased while increasing growth coefficient k, and age at the inflexion point of mass t_r was younger compared with the previous studies. The declining of older ones has moderated the feeding competition and the younger ones grew faster. The larger mortality param-eters Z,M and F have revealed higher fishing pressure. The smaller change of the first mature fork length of female T. myops and the change from K selection pattern to r selection pattern of S. tumbil have indicated a more vulnerable fishery ecosystem in this area. The changes of ecological characteristics and population dynamics may be caused by over-exploitation of demersal fishes such as the lizardfishes, especially a large number of juvenile and young fishes by-catch by the current fishing gears and methods. Therefore, in addition to the traditional fishery management approach such as the minimum length-limit, ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF) should be taken to improve the practical marine ecosystem management, including increased fishing intensity of the non-economic species especially the feeding competitors of the lizardfishes and the conser-vation of the pelagic fishery population in the fisheries ecosystem, in order to restore the fishery population and achieve the sustainable use of the fishery stocks.     

Linking landscape and species: Effect of shrubs on patch preference of beetles in arid and semi-arid ecosystems

Linking individual behavior to spatial population processes, may clarify the complex link between species distribution and landscape properties. We asked how shrubs affect beetles in drylands and tested if we could explain distribution patterns of beetles by individual response to shrub landscape. We studied patch preference of ground-dwelling beetles segregated in a two-phase mosaic landscape, composed of shrub-covered and open patches and hypothesized that species richness and abundance are higher under shrubs due to the ameliorated microclimatic conditions and greater food resources. Pitfall trapping showed that shrub patches were preferred in shrub poor ecosystem because there was more food available under shrubs and cooler temperatures. However, similar conditions resulted in shrub preference only in an arid ecosystem, whereas in a semi-arid ecosystem, with high cover of shrubs, we found more beetles in the open patches. Observations in beetle movement patterns explained the contradicting effects of shrub patches in the two ecosystems. Beetle movement was affected by shrubs’ shading suggesting dependency on shrub structure rather than speciesdependency. Integrating analysis of beetle distribution in the population level with analysis of individual movement provides a robust framework for linking landscape properties to species behavior and distribution in a patchy landscape.     

桂林市电子沙盘设计及其功能

桂林市电子沙盘的开发采用了3S技术、多媒体技术和数字化技术, 它以数字化的地形图为基础数据源, 建立数字高程模型; 以卫星遥感数字图像为三维景观的表层粘模。电子沙盘具有二维平面-三维立体图对照显示,任意调整观察的位置、高度、方位、视角等功能, 并可以按预设的路线在空中模拟飞行观察, 给人亲临其境的感觉。同时, 它具有绘制剖面、求算任意区域地表面积和土石方量(水库库容)等功能, 突破传统沙盘的概念。     

1987-2017年粤港澳大湾区城市群的不透水地表扩张与梯度演化

不透水地表是衡量城市化过程与空间扩张的重要特征.本文以我国最具经济活力的城市群-粤港澳大湾区城市(以下简称大湾区)为研究区,采用重心-标准差椭圆与梯度分析等方法,探讨其1987-2017年不透水地表的时空扩张分布特征与演化趋势.结果 表明:①30年来大湾区的不透水地表面积从1839.34km2持续增长至12 385.9...     

海南产芋螺的形态特征

从海南各个市县沿海采集到20多种芋螺（Conus）,并制成标本,对这些芋螺标本进行了详细的外部形态特征测量与描述,包括芋螺壳形状、大小、体质量、壳顶特点、表面光滑度、螺纹、色彩及花纹等。鉴定出20种海南产的芋螺种类,为芋螺毒素基因的分离和芋螺毒素药物的开发提供基础。     

盐度对近江牡蛎幼虫生长及存活的影响

采用室内培育手段,研究了盐度对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)幼虫生长及存活的影响。将人工授精孵育的面盘幼虫分别置于盐度依次为16,25,30的砂滤海水中培育至眼点幼虫。每隔一天检测各盐度组幼虫的壳长、壳高和存活数量。结果表明,16盐度组的幼虫生长最快,25盐度组次之,30盐度组最慢。从受精后第14天开始,16盐度组幼虫的生长显著快于30盐度组(P<0.05)。在整个浮游幼虫阶段,高盐度组幼虫的存活率低于低盐度组,其中30盐度组的存活率最低。16和25盐度组在幼虫出现眼点之前均出现大量死亡现象,而30盐度组并没有出现大量死亡现象。上述结果说明,近江牡蛎幼虫经过高盐驯化,对高盐环境的抗性具有一定的提高。     

一种改进的低纬度磁场化极方法——变频双向阻尼因子法

本文在考察分析原有的低纬度化极阻尼因子的基础上,提出了对原有阻尼因子的改造方法,即提出变频双向阻尼因子,改造后的阻尼因子不仅考虑了对振幅的压制,并兼顾了对相位谱的改造,同时还增加了频率控制因子.通过模型数据和实际资料检验,表明在低纬度地区,特别是在极低纬度地区,变频双向阻尼方法的化极结果能更有效地突出地质信息.