“3S”集成技术在“精准土地”调查中的应用研究

本文探讨了土地变更调查常用方法在应用中的一些不足,简要介绍了综合“3S”集成技术的“精准土地”调查的原理和流程,并对应用中出现的坐标系统转换和精度偏移等问题进行了研究。     

基于Web GIS的上海数字农业集成系统

上海农业集成系统是基于JZ地理信息系统软件(精准农业信息公司开发的一套基于Web发布的地理信息系统发布引擎)开发的一套BS架构的农业系统。该平台采用了ASP.NET技术、SQL Server数据库管理技术以及地图发布引擎(JZ地图引擎)等技术,将传感器采集到的实时数据发布到网上,使各种不同目的的客户能够及时了解、分析和处理数据,并根据数据的实际情况及时应对农作物生长过程中的不良状态。本文对该平台的关键技术、数据管理、功能模块和安装步骤等方面作了详细的介绍。     

不同GPS接收机RTK定位精度比较分析

讨论了高遮挡环境下采用双星接收机与单星接收机进行RTK作业时的精度问题,针对性地设计了测试方案,通过实际作业比较了其定位精度的差异。     

提高建筑物沉降观测精度的方法

提出了提高建筑物沉降观测精度的方法,分析了能有效地避免观测值的粗差、i角及i角变化的误差、前后视距不等和立尺不直带来的误差影响,提高了建筑物沉降观测精度.     

A Janus-faced biodiversity change and the partiality of ecological knowledge in a world biodiversity hotspot in Ghana: Implications for biodiversity rehabilitation

The Gyamfiase-Adenya-Obom cluster of villages in the forest-savanna region of Ghana is located within one of Conservation International’s 34 “World Biodiversity Hotspots” of the most biodiversity-threatened regions of the world. In collaboration with local farmers in this area since 1993, the People, Land Management and Ecological Change Project in Ghana (PLEC-Ghana) has been working on promoting biodiversity rehabilitation to address problems of biodiversity change. This goal is expected to be achieved through agrobiodiversity or biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices. However, farmers’ employment of these practices has been lackluster, even while they acknowledge biodiversity changes, dominated by Chromolaena odorata and other herbaceous species, that are driving the decline in forests and their biodiversity. In interpreting the difficulties of biodiversity rehabilitation in Gyamfiase-Adenya-Obom, this study outlines the diverging ecological knowledge of non-residents/outsiders and local farmers about biodiversity change, which it describes as Janus-like with two diverging faces. One face of biodiversity change shows the detrimental impacts on biodiversity and its observers—non-residents/outsiders—insist on biodiversity rehabilitation that nurtures forests, and the growth and domination of tree species. The other face of biodiversity change shows its agronomic advantages and its observers—the local farmers—are skeptical of current biodiversity rehabilitation practices. Farmers see agronomic benefits in biodiversity change, in particular the benefit of faster soil regeneration within the predominant bush fallow system of farming. And as a result of this observation, farmers continue with practices that sustain a decline in forests and biodiversity. Based on social and ecological research that explores three biodiversity-friendly practices promoted by PLEC-Ghana (fallow management, mulching, and intensive weeding to protect tree seedlings), this article discusses the partiality of ecological perspectives that emphasize either face of biodiversity change but not both, and the implications for biodiversity rehabilitation.     

区域重力调查中的中区地形改正方法及精度

在讨论重力中区地改方法的基础上,分别用20m×20m、50m×50m和100m×100m方域计算了北祁连西段1:20万区域重力调查的764个测点的中区地改值,通过移动方域网格进行检查计算,讨论了各算法对地形的模拟程度和地改计算精度.     

基于Excel的条件平差解算

在测量平差计算中,相当多的计算工作是矩阵转置、求逆、相乘等,人工解算容易出错,且现有各种平差软件一般均为过程隐含式的,不利于测量初学者掌握测量平差原理。探讨利用电子表格软件(Excel2003)的内置函数中的矩阵运算功能处理测量平差计算的方法,并以水准网条件平差的解算为例,介绍其使用方法及使用技巧,得到一些有益的结论。     

预测矿井涌水量的计算级别与精度评述

根据水利部2005年发布的《建设项目水资源论证导则（试行）》技术文件中的有关规定与要求,参照《供水水文地质勘察规范》以及《固体矿产资源/储量分类,》认为地下水可开采量与预测矿井涌水量的计算可按勘查研究程度,将其可分为A、B、C、D、E等5个精度等级。参照各级别的允许误差,论证了目前矿井涌水量预测计算公式及方法的可靠程度。     

福州市表层土壤农业生态环境质量评价

本文用地球化学指标和分级聚类模型中的积分值法,选取了N、P、K2O等16个指标对福州市表层土壤的农业生态环境质量进行了初步的评价分类。共划分为5个级别农业生态环境区。其中一般生态环境区面积最大,占全部面积58%。优良与良好生态环境区所占面积相对较小,两者合计面积同极差生态环境区面积相当,约占3%。各环境区多数富钾元素,贫中量、微量元素。并根据各个生态环境区的特点,对福州市农业规划与布局提出了建议。     

导航电子地图和国家安全

简要介绍了电子地图及导航电子地图的概念、特点、用途,借鉴当今和历史事例说明两者对国家安全的重要性,进一步论述如何加强对导航电子地图的管理,建议通过宣传教育以提高人们的国家安全意识。