高精度磁测在单县龙王庙地区铁矿调查中的应用

阐述了高精度磁测在单县龙王庙地区铁矿调查评价中的应用,高精度磁测的目的是分解早期1∶5万航磁异常,细致反映龙王庙地区磁异常的分布,为该区的铁矿调查评价和成矿预测提供了基础资料。以近年来的高精度磁测工作为基础,该区铁矿深部找矿取得了重大突破,勘查发现了大刘庄大型沉积变质型铁矿,并进行了富有价值的成矿预测,显示出了良好的地质效果。     

The population of the Polish countryside: Demography and living conditions

Despite substantial rural-urban migration, 38.1 percent of the population of Poland still live in the countryside and the total numbers are only 0.9mln fewer than in 1946. At present the rural population is increasing and the rate of natural increase (though falling) is higher than in the towns though the productive age group is smaller. However, these human resources are not being properly used and the results can be seen in terms of economic inefficiency, low living standards and a high level of state support. Loss of jobs in factories and state farms results in welfare payments by the state and considerable 'hidden unemployment' on small family farms where profitability is constrained by inefficient use of labour. Poverty among the rural population is evident through a collapse of house building and considerable domestic overcrowding. However, conditions vary considerably across the country and this must be reflected in the economic and social policies drawn up for the new administrative regions introduced in 1999. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

密集交叉井网井眼轨道精确制导技术的应用

本着充分依托原有海上油田设施降本增效原则,渤海Q油田在原有生产平台附近新建井口平台、对原有密集井网成功实施了整体加密调整,作业难度急剧增大。通过老井眼数据再处理、新井轨道设计优化、轨道防碰设计、防碰监测等手段形成密集交叉井网井眼轨道精确制导技术。该技术的成功应用提高了作业时效,有效保障了在老油田密集交叉井网整体加密井眼轨迹的顺利实施、减小了碰撞风险。     

多信息多技术深度速度建模技术在复杂构造中的应用研究

中国西部等复杂区的油气勘探潜力较大,但地质条件复杂,造成常规偏移成像的精度不够,给解释带来了诸多困难。根据其地质特点,围绕高精度成像的需求,开展高精度速度建模技术研究,形成了配套的技术策略,为其进一步改善复杂区的成像精度,落实勘探目标奠定了基础。在该配套技术中:基于真地表的速度建模技术可以通过真地表数据准备来解决现有大圆滑偏移基准面对成像波场的改变、初至层析近地表建模技术的应用弥补了反射建模技术在近地表应用的不足、多信息约束速度建模可提高速度模型的可靠性、各向异性假设的成像技术更加接近复杂构造地下介质的假设,这些技术的配套应用可以有效提高复杂区成像位置的精度和准确度。在实际资料中的应用充分说明该技术的有效性。     

Value of Climate Forecasts for Adjusting Farming Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sustaining and increasing crop production and productivity has to be a major policy thrust for developing countries. Using a simulation approach different production strategies were evaluated conditioned on climate information to derive optimal strategies to help farmers reduce risk and increase productivity. By examining the existence of options in this case planting dates the study provides an analyses of the expected value and risks associated with changing decisions based on the availability of climate forecasts. The 15-March planting date produced the highest mean yield for the two cultivars examined although 1-April, 15-April and 1-May plantings had one to zero probability of crop failures compared to 15-March with crop failures in 4 out of 20 years. Results indicate losses of between 25 and 35 kg/day due to delays in planting from 15-March planting to 1-June planting for the 120- and 150-day cultivar. El niño years were associated with positive yield deviations for both cultivars and most planting dates. Farmers are known to make tactical adjustments to their management in light of information perceived relevant to the prospects of forthcoming crop. Although in its present form most current forecast products do not provide information on onset of the rainfall, however the information they do provide could play a crucial role in helping farmers reduce the risks posed by climatic variability.     

基于灰色GM（1，1）模型的城市生活用水量预测

介绍灰色理论建模原理和模型参数辨识方法,并以上海市为实例建立灰色GM（1,1）预测模型,运用残差检验、后验差检验以及关联度检验3种方法对模型进行精度检验,其模型拟合精度达97．25％。用所建立的模型对上海市2003～2007年城市生活用水量进行预测。结果表明,该灰色模型用于城市生活用水量预测,符合其灰色特性,通用性好,并且所需数据少,计算量适中,预测结果与实际情况比较吻合。     

海域金矿找矿方法研究——以山东省莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿为例

莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿区是世界上第一个查明的海域岩金矿。它通过追索延伸至海域的三山岛断裂,圈定破金找矿靶区。利用海域高精度磁测和浅地层剖面测量配合海上钻探,找到了海域大型金矿。以三山岛海域金矿普查为依托,研究出来的这套海域金矿找矿方法和海上钻探平台,可为今后开展海域金及其它与断裂有关的矿产资源找矿,提供指导和借鉴。     

中国古代农业的形成过程——浮选出土植物遗存证据

中国是世界古代农业起源中心区之一。一般认为,中国的农业起源可以分为两个发展脉络,一是分布在长江中下游地区的稻作农业起源;二是分布在中国北方地区的旱作农业起源。近些年来由于浮选法的普遍应用,从全国各地考古遗址浮选出土了数量惊人的植物遗存,其中包括稻、粟、黍、大豆、小豆、小麦、大麦、荞麦等各种农作物遗存,为探讨中国古代农业的形成过程提供了直接的实物资料。研究结果显示：距今10000年前后,在中国南方和北方同时出现了植物耕作行为,标志着农业经济已经在孕育中;距今8000年前后,在中国南方和北方都发现了早期农业生产的考古证据,当时的生业形态表现为以采集狩猎（或采集渔猎）为主、以农耕生产和家畜饲养为辅的特点;距今6500年前后,北方旱作农业率先完成了由采集狩猎经济向农业经济的转变过程;距今6000~5000年间,长江中下游地区也相继完成了向稻作农业的转变;距今4000年前后,北方旱作农业又发生了一次重大转变,外来的小麦逐步取代本土的小米成为旱作农业的主体农作物,从此奠定了“南稻北麦”的中国农业生产格局。     

综合物探方法在焦家断裂带南延中的应用

焦家断裂带是山东省胶西北金矿集中区主要的成矿断裂之一,该断裂带南部被第四系严重覆盖,多年探索研究未果。此次利用高精度磁测、视电阻率联合剖面、CSAMT及SIP等多种物探方法,结合区内成矿地质条件,推断出焦家断裂带南延部分隐伏断裂分布情况,即在黄家附近向北至徐村院为一条断裂带( F1),向南分为三条断裂带( F1、F8和F9),其中F1为主断裂,F8、F9为其次级断裂。经钻探验证与物探推断的焦家断裂带南延部分相吻合,为该区下一步金矿勘查提供了找矿方向。