海上风电工程对海洋生物影响的研究进展

随着世界各国对能源安全、生态环境、气候变化等问题日益重视,加快发展风电已成为国际社会推动能源转型发展、应对全球气候变化的普遍共识和一致行动。过去十余年,我国海上风电产业受益于国家政策的大力推动而蓬勃发展,大有乘势崛起,赶超其他清洁能源的势头。相比陆上风电场,海上风电场对环境的影响较小,但其开发实施以及运行对海洋生态环境和资源开发的累积影响还尚不明确。本文系统全面地梳理了海上风电工程对鸟类、鱼类、海洋哺乳动物、底栖生物、浮游生物及海洋生物多样性等影响的研究进展,总结了海上风电环境影响研究的现状。结合我国实际,提出了将科学研究与海上风电工程环境影响评价紧密结合,开展海上风电项目对区域生态环境影响的研究等有关建议。     

电厂港池取水工程泥沙回淤研究

运用半封闭港区水域泥沙回淤研究结果，以及电厂港池取水物理模型试验结果，提出电厂港池取水回淤计算模式。应用此模式对某港拟建电厂各取水工况进行港池航道回淤计算分析。     

粗粒土渗透性能的试验研究

粗粒土作为土和块石的介质耦合体,具有非均质性、非连续性及试样的难以采集性等内在的独特性质,从而给研究带来极大的困难。粗粒土属于典型的多孔介质,其渗透特性与砾石的百分含量关系密切。利用自制的常水头渗透仪,测定了不同含砾量时粗粒土渗透系数值,研究发现含砾量与粗粒土渗透系数之间存在指数关系。在工程设计中可以通过合理调整粗粒土砾石的含量,达到控制其渗透性能的目的。基于幂平均法,提出了粗粒土复合渗透系数的计算公式,并通过试验结果验证了该式的正确性,为粗粒土渗透系数的理论计算提供了一个简明实用的计算工具。     

“海勘一号”钻机的研制

根据我国海岸带的特点,开发研制了“海勘一号”HK—1型全液压轻便钻机,介绍了该钻机的设计思路、主要技术参数、结构特点、试验及应用等情况。     

大型火电机组取消脱硫旁路烟道对配电方式的影响

本文对岩溶区桩基施工技术及多种常遇问题的处治进行了探讨,并针对某些特殊情况,提出了若干既能解决工程实际问题,又较经济合理的岩溶区桥梁桩基的处治方法,可供类似工程参考。     

利用山东省第二次土地调查数据进行送电工程勘测设计

依据已有山东省第二次土地调查DOM和DEM数据,通过核线共线方程原理恢复生成大场景三维立体模型,然后进行架空送电线路路径优选、测量平断面图及外业采集交叉跨越和断面数据精确拟合等数据处理、进行三维漫游等,主要研究将测量标准4D数据应用到中架空送电工程勘测设计全过程中,该文通过工程实际应用,提出了应用方法及作业注意事项等。     

非开挖钻机智能化控制研究

为提高我国非开挖装备的智能化水平,将钻机液压系统由传动功能提升至智能控制功能,实现科学钻进,研发了一款智能化多功能定向钻进系统。该系统还针对施工中容易出现的马达“超速”、“超压”、“吸空”现象,对马达进行了保护,通过对泵排量的补偿缓解了系统压力冲击,并能根据负载智能匹配发动机功率,防止发动机熄火。     

提高火电行业排放标准对中国经济和污染物排放的影响——基于环境CGE模型的测算

通过利用环境CGE模型测算实施《火电厂大气污染物排放标准GB 13223-2011》对中国宏观经济和污染物减排的短期影响。模拟结果显示,短期内,新标准对宏观经济的影响较小,GDP只下降了0.18%。从行业产出看,要素价格下降,使工业部门和出口导向型行业成本降低,产出扩张。此外,新标准对大气污染物减排的效果显著。由于脱硫脱硝装置的投入使用使末端废气去除率提高,进而导致煤炭燃烧排放量大幅下降,SO₂和NO_X的排放量分别下降22.8%和11.4%,绝对量分别减少560万t和148万t。     

Climate policies after Fukushima: three views

The 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami, and the consequent accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, have had consequences far beyond Japan itself. Reactions to the accident in three major economies Japan, the UK, and Germany, all of whom were committed to relatively ambitious climate change targets prior to the accident are examined. In Japan and Germany, the accident precipitated a major change of policy direction. In the UK, debate has been muted and there has been essentially no change in energy or climate change policies. The status of the energy and climate change policies in each country prior to the accident is assessed, the responses to the accident are described, and the possible impacts on their positions in the international climate negotiations are analysed. Finally, the three countries' responses are compared and some differences between them observed. Some reasons for their different policy responses are suggested and some themes, common across all countries, are identified

Policy relevance

The attraction of nuclear power has rested on the promise of low-cost electricity, low-carbon energy supply, and enhanced energy independence. The Fukushima accident, which followed the Japanese tsunami of March 2011, has prompted a critical re-appraisal of nuclear power. The responses to Fukushima are assessed for the UK, Germany, and Japan. Before the accident, all three countries considered nuclear as playing a significant part in climate mitigation strategies. Although the UK Government has continued to support nuclear new build following a prompt review of safety arrangements, Japan and Germany have decided to phase out nuclear power, albeit according to different timescales. The factors that explain the different decisions are examined, including patterns of energy demand and supply, the wider political context, institutional arrangements, and public attitudes to risk. The implications for the international climate negotiations are also assessed.     

基于GIS的输变电项目景观可视化环境影响评价研究

为评价输变电线路建设对风景名胜景点的影响,利用地理信息系统（GIS）三维可视化分析技术构建评价区的三维景观。结果表明：利用GIS提供的空间分析工具分析输变电线路与景点的关系,实现了利用GIS模拟输变电线路对景点的视觉影响,分析效果较好。可以为输变电线路项目靠近风景名胜区的环境影响评价提供参考。