Spatial planning, water and the Water Framework Directive: insights from theory and practice

Water is fundamental to the health of the biosphere, strong economic growth and human social well-being. Despite its relative scarcity and absolute importance to life on earth, fresh water resources are often used inefficiently or polluted unnecessarily. Policymakers must work towards developing approaches to balance human demands for water with the water requirements of ecosystems. The European Water Framework Directive, which aims to encourage the sustainable management and protection of freshwater resources, brings this agenda into sharp focus in Europe. Land use change and environmental quality are closely related, and the nature and location of development can significantly influence both the generation and resolution of environmental problems. This places spatial planning, which provides a framework for regulating the development and use of land, in a strong position to affect water quantity and quality issues and thus to aid the achievement of the Directive's goals. In particular, spatial planning has an important function in integrating the use and management of land and water more closely than is presently the case. This paper explores the potential and actual role of spatial planning in addressing challenges associated with the water environment. This enables an assessment to be made of the extent to which spatial planning can help to meet the goals of the Water Framework Directive.     

哈密地区地表水资源现状分析

通过对哈密地区地表水资源状况及开发利用情况分析，提出了存在的主要问题及其对策，为本地区水资源的开发、利用和保护提供依据。     

The ‘hidden’ geographies of energy poverty in post-socialism: Between institutions and households

One of the consequences of the post-socialist transformation of Eastern and Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union is the emergence of energy poverty, a condition where households are living in inadequately heated homes. This paper examines the institutional and demographic underpinnings of energy poverty in Macedonia and the Czech Republic, two post-socialist states with divergent development paths. It has been established that more than 50% of Macedonian households may be suffering from domestic energy deprivation, while the same figure is less than 10% in the Czech case. The notion of a ‘hidden’ geography of poverty encapsulates the character of domestic energy deprivation among these populations. The problem has been invisible to decision-makers to date, due to its private character and non-conformity to conventional poverty-amelioration methods.     

2006年黑龙江省4次区域性大(暴)雨过程对比分析

2006年夏季黑龙江省多次发生大范围强降雨过程,导致局地频发暴雨洪涝灾害,本文对2006年夏季的4次区域性大(暴)雨过程进行对比分析,综合运用了天气图、静止卫星云场和物理量诊断场,分析了区域性大(暴)雨产生的环流形势、基本物理量条件等,得出了对预报具有指导意义的特征。     

一次区域性暴雪天气成因分析

分析了2001年1月6日河南省中北部出现的区域性暴雪天气过程中天气系统的演变、物理量场，并对数值预报产品作出天气学解释。     

2000年7月3—7日许昌市连续性暴雨过程分析

利用实测资料和T106模式计算的物理量参数，分析了2000年7月3－7日许昌市连续性暴雨过程的大尺度环流背景和多种尺度影响系统的配置及其贡献，探讨了水汽条件、动力条件和不稳定条件在暴雨维持中的重要作用，并讨论了特殊地形对禹州市连续性暴雨的影响。     

水库诱发地震的最大震级及其发震时间的预测研究

用信息量法和灰色模型法研究了水库诱发地震的最大震级和发震时间．信息量法是对水库地震震例的地震地质因素和标志进行统计，计算它们对诱发地震震级提供的信息量，据信息量的大小判断诱发地震的可能最大震级；灰色模型法是研究水库诱发地震前震的频次随时间的变化，以变化率最大的时间作为最大地震发生的时间．用新丰江和柯依纳水库地震震例资料对信息量法和灰色模型法进行了检验．结果表明，两种模型方法有一定的可行性．      

柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源可开采量的确定

柳林泉域内赋存丰富的岩溶地下水资源，目前还没有大规模的开发利用，运用丰富的水文地质资料确定了泉城内的水文地质参数，概述了泉城含水系统的详细情况，用泉流量恢复法与均衡法计算并比较了泉域岩溶地下水资源量，在计算不同保证率的情况下对泉域的可开采资源量进行了分配，为离柳矿区的发展，合理利用岩溶地下水资源提供了较为可靠的依据。     

Late-Quaternary diminution and abundance of prehistoric bison (Bison sp.) in eastern Washington state, U.S.A.

Bison (Bison spp.) occurred in eastern Washington state during the late Quaternary. This area is considered to be peripheral to the center of this taxon's natural range. Bison in the plains east of the Rocky Mountains, the heart of this range, underwent diminution during the late Quaternary, and apparently also did so in other, peripheral areas. A ratio diagram of measurement data derived from eight zooarchaeological collections of bison remains recovered from eastern Washington, in combination with the presence of both sexes and all age classes of individuals, indicate that local bison may have also undergone diminution there. There are, however, a relative paucity of bison remains during the middle Holocene and an apparent 2000-year absence of bison from eastern Washington at this time. As a result, the hypothesis that bison became smaller elsewhere and then immigrated to eastern Washington cannot be falsified. Both the diminution and the fluctuating abundance of bison appear to be responses to forage quality and quantity.     

大地电磁测深法曲线类型的聚类分析

在大地电磁测深法中，曲线类型的分析划分是资料解释流程中相当重要的一环。实测曲线类型不仅反映了测区地下地质构造的电性特征，更重要的是通过曲线类型的划分与分类，可定性地掌握测区地质构造单元的格局，制定相应的定量解释方法，有效地克服地质推断的多解性。本文在本文采用聚类分析的方法对MT曲线进行了分类，以求克服目前简单分类法，捕抓曲线特征中更深层的一些信息，并给出了应用实测。