基于第三次国土调查成果对自然资源资产化的初步探索 ——以森林资源资产化为例

自然资源管理的核心问题是产权制度的落实,在一套具有法律地位的成果底图上,将资源属性向价值属性拓展,即自然资源资产化过程,为解决现实中山、水、林、田、湖、草等自然资源产权制度因服务多个部门行政管理需要而导致的产权分散独立的问题提供了解决方法.本文以森林资源为例,设计第三次国土调查工作分类与自然资源分类的对应方法,通过计算...     

Study of a Particular Model of Encounter Between a Comet and a Planet

The objective of this paper is to develop a simple model of an encounter between a comet and a planet, with a subsequent capture or an escape, and to study the potential consequences. The hypothetical scenario is as follows: a comet with a conic orbit meets close to one of its vertices (located near the ecliptic plane), a jovian planet, and transforms its orbit. There are two hypotheses which are made for the shock: this vertex becomes one of the final vertices and the orbital plane of the comet is unchanged during the encounter as it was the case for Brooks 2 in 1886. In this model, it was able to find an equation which was then used to obtain the pre‐ and post‐encounter orbits elements and the kind of orbit (ellipse, hyperbola, parabola) with respect to the initial inclination. The numerical experiments with the observed comets often provide pre‐encounter orbits with an aphelion point located near another jovian planet farther from the Sun, and so on with sometimes several planets, or with an aphelion point located beyond the Pluto orbit. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Housing the Urban Poor in Twenty-First Century Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Mismatch and a Way Forward for Ghana

The debate on housing the urban poor has become more sophisticated since Turner’s original ideas of self-help and self-building by the poor were introduced in the 1970s. Today, the emphasis in housing the poor is on a pluralistic approach that stresses enabling housing provision for the poor by expanding the range of providers to include government, the private sector, the poor themselves, non-governmental agencies, and cooperatives. Official housing policy in Ghana does not reflect the pluralistic approach that prevails in practitioner and academic circles. Using ethnography, this paper presents the housing experience of a typical poor family in Ghana to determine what the poor build. It highlights the obstacles the poor have to overcome to acquire the housing they want. The ethnography provides a basis upon which the mismatch between the pluralistic approach and Ghana’s housing policy can be bridged thus providing a way forward. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of the housing industry in poverty alleviation in Ghana.     

House broken: homelessness,housing first,and neoliberal poverty governance

Housing First (HF) is the new orthodoxy when dealing with the small, long-term, visible and recalcitrant fraction of the greater homeless population. Unlike more traditional, “treatment first” models that expect “self-sufficiency” before clients should achieve housing, this markedly cost-effective program/policy rapidly places homeless people who “consume” the most state resources into their own subsidized apartment. Many conclude that such an upending renders HF an exceptionally progressive program that ousts the disciplinary, paternalist traditions of poverty governance. Using evidence from two programs in metropolitan Phoenix, AZ, however, I argue that housing indeed comes first, but paternalism is right there behind it. Further, I argue that the program’s apartment lease – in what remains commodified housing – is no benign social relationship. It is, rather, a lever of market discipline. In HF, the abstract compulsions of the market significantly but incompletely replace the older, more paternalistic and personal models of disciplinary case management. As such, HF exemplifies a form of neoliberal poverty governance despite its relatively “progressive” platform.     

县域空间贫困的地理识别研究——以宁夏泾源县为例

空间贫困研究是对多维贫困理论的丰富和发展,创新空间贫困度量方法是精准配置扶贫资源和提高农村扶贫质量的关键。本文借鉴国际空间贫困研究的基本理论思想,总结出了空间贫困三维结构分析框架,构建了县域空间贫困指标体系和地理识别方法,以宁夏泾源国家扶贫开发重点县为例,开展了空间贫困地理识别。研究发现：① 不同自然地理区SPI排序为侵蚀堆积河谷平川区（均值1.571）>剥蚀构造丘陵区（均值-0.199）>侵蚀构造石山区（均值-0.334）,表明侵蚀构造石山区贫困程度最大,是减贫重点区域,其中3个自然地理区空间贫困的共同特点是存在经济劣势（C₄~C₇、C₁₇）,主要差异是侵蚀堆积河谷平川区生态劣势（C₂₅、C₁₆）>经济劣势（C₅）>位置劣势（C₂₀）>政治劣势（C₈）;剥蚀构造丘陵区经济劣势（C₅~C₇、C₁₇）>位置劣势（C₁₈~C₂₀）>生态劣势（C₁₆、C₂₃~C₂₅）>政治劣势（C₈）;侵蚀构造石山区经济劣势（C₄~C₇、C₁₇）>政治劣势（C₈）>位置劣势（C₁₈~C₂₀）>生态劣势（C₁₆、C₂₁~C₂₅）。② 不同民族村SPI排序为汉族村（均值1.484）>回族村（均值1.262）>回汉混居村（均值-1.033）,表明县域尺度上回汉混居村是减贫重点村。不同民族村空间贫困的共同特征是由于距离最近市场远（C₁₇）形成的经济劣势,以及人均耕地面积（C₂₃）和农作物特别经济作物种植面积小（C₂₄）形成的生态劣势。不同民族村空间贫困的主要差异在于汉族村人居环境差和灾损率高形成的生态劣势,以及贷款不足（C₅）导致的经济劣势突出,回族村主要因文化知识素质较低（C₁₂、C₁₃）导致进入市场的机会成本高而形成经济劣势,回汉混居村因汉族和回族生产生活方式差异,造成扶贫资源配置困难,农户对扶贫政策满意率最低（C₈）,反映该类村空间贫困的政治劣势最为显著。③ 同一自然地理区域不同民族村空间贫困存在显著差异。侵蚀堆积河谷平川区汉族村、回族村和回汉混居村SPI均值分别为0.526、2.557和1.644,表明该类型区汉族村贫困程度高,经济劣势显著（C₅）;剥蚀构造丘陵区回族村和回汉混居村的SPI均值分别约为0.321和-1.934,表明该类型区回汉混居村贫困程度较高,经济劣势（C₂、C₆、C₇）和生态劣势（C₁₆）突出;侵蚀构造石山区汉族村、回族村和回汉混居村的SPI均值分别为1.031、-0.029和-0.842,表明该类型区回汉混居村贫困程度亦高,经济劣势（C₅~C₇、C₁₇）、政治劣势（C₈）、位置劣势（C₁₈~C₂₀）和生态劣势（C₁₆、C₂₅）并存。因此,侵蚀堆积河谷平川区的汉族村、剥蚀构造丘陵区和侵蚀构造石山区的回汉混居村是减贫重点村。     

长江下荆江裁弯对东 南洞庭湖区的淤积分析

本文分析了下荆江系统裁弯前后入湖和出湖水、沙量的变化规律:分析了东、南洞庭湖淤积量的变化和淤积部位的变化,以及东、南洞庭湖的淤积趋势。     

徒骇河工程取水的定量研究

采用数值模拟和水力学模型，对沾化电厂扩建后徒骇河供水能力进行了定量计算．通过分析取水前后典型站位及河道沿程水位、流量的变化，对影响取水的因素进行了初步探讨，对增大取水量的工程措施提出了建议。     

基于多维测度框架的贫困县脱贫质量评价

基于多维度测度框架,利用8 468份调查问卷数据对黑龙江8个省级贫困县的脱贫质量进行评价。结果表明：① 脱贫质量包括区域脱贫质量和人口脱贫质量,主要受减贫程度、经济状况、配套设施、收入水平和政策入户等5个方面因素的制约。② 8个县的脱贫质量总体情况较好,均达中等及以上水平。整体脱贫质量由高到低依次为巴彦、杜蒙、绥棱、依安、克山、勃利、木兰和孙吴县。③ 区域脱贫质量比人口脱贫质量相对滞后,配套设施、收入水平、政策入户和减贫程度方面发展较好,经济状况方面则相对不够理想。④ 当前制约脱贫质量的主要问题包括：县域经济发展较为落后,村集体收入增长乏力、债务较高,公共服务设施不完善等。     

贫困动态的测度方法与演化机制

将贫困视为一个动态现象与过程逐渐成为学术界共识。尽管国内外相关成果丰硕,但迄今鲜有对贫困动态研究进行系统梳理。本文立足于现有文献,开展贫困动态研究的回顾与展望。首先,解析了贫困动态的内涵及类型;其次,分别从单维和多维角度归纳了贫困动态测度方法的原理、优缺点及数据来源;第三,从持续时间、家庭生命周期变化、代际传递和时空演变四方面系统梳理了贫困动态研究脉络;第四,基于经济学、社会学和地理学视角,分别从经济、发展和空间层面对贫困动态发生机制进行了解析。在对以上内容进行简要评述的基础上,展望了未来值得进一步探究的若干贫困动态议题,希望能够为贫困动态研究提供有益借鉴,并为巩固扶贫成果、完善扶贫政策提供理论支撑。     

基于贫困分级的云南省城乡收入差距时空演化与影响因素研究

云南是中国贫困县最多的山区省份,同时也是中国城乡收入差距长期居高不下的典型省份。针对当前研究中未能深入探讨城乡收入差距与各地贫困程度关联性、未能深入探讨各影响因素空间相关性、忽视关键地理因素对城乡收入差距影响等问题和不足,本文将各县按照贫困程度的差异划分为4个类别,使用云南省129个县（市）2010—2018年产业、社会、经济、人口等维度的面板数据,并引入“地形-气候综合优劣度”作为非经济指标,在分析城乡收入差距时空演化和空间格局特征基础上,运用空间动态面板模型深入探析了其影响因素。基于研究结果,认为有必要将缩小城乡收入差距与国家精准扶贫战略、城乡融合发展战略和乡村振兴战略有效衔接。