滇西北“大河流域”区贫困类型及脱贫研究

滇西北“大河流域”区位于著名的横断山“纵谷”区的核心地带,咪金沙江－长江、澜抢江－湄公河、怒江－萨尔温江和独龙江－伊洛瓦底江的上游区,是世纪上生物性和民族文化多样性及丰富的地区之一。同时,由于长期封闭、自然条件恶劣等因素综合作用,造成区内贫困问题突出。为推动区域经济发展、脱贫致富,实现可持续发展,在对区内贫困人口生产、生活现状的分析和实地抽样调查的基础上,通过对贫困人口的粮食收入、现金收贫困型、粮食或耕地贫困型、能源缺乏贫困型、水资源利用缺乏贫困和失去生存条件贫困型5大类型。扶贫工作中,可抓住各贫困类型的主要问题,实施重点扶持,实现脱贫目标。     

绿色发展理念与西部贫困地区发展

绿色发展理念的核心是以人为本的发展思想,是经济发展和环境保护相协调的发展。在西部大开发的背景下,西部贫困地区的发展主要面临着高强度的经济开发和环境保护之间的矛盾,从宏观的角度来分析西部贫困地区的地域特征和致贫原因,可以发现西部贫困地区的发展问题关键在于如何推动绿色发展,在于如何化解人与自然环境日益激化的冲突,只有采取了积极的绿色发展理念和策略,才能缩短西部贫困地区与发达地区的差距,才能走上可持续发展之路。     

基于遥感和GIS的中国土地潜力资源的研究

在对中国土地资源综合研究基础上,利用已有研究成果,借助ＧＩＳ工具,利用层次分析法,对中国土地地潜力资源进行了综合分析和评价,在评价基础上,对中国土地资源的耕地潜力、生产潜力、生产潜力总量、人口容量潜力及综合潜力的大小和空间展布特征进行分析。结论为：中国土地资源潜力很力,但时空分布不均,在开发利用中,应因地制宜,采取不同的开发、利用的战略方针,在保护好现有土地资源和合理科学利用的基础上,谨慎开发,以     

Coping strategies in rural areas of the Buzau Sub–Carpathians

This paper focuses on the Sub–Carpathian region which has traditionally maintained a large rural population and is today suffering acute economic and social stress. During the present transition phase the rural population is struggling to survive by combining elements of the modern and traditional economies and research has been undertaken to clarify a range of household strategies. After profiling the communes of the Buzau Carpathians the problem is tackled at two levels on the basis of questionnaire work carried out during 1998–1999. First there is a general overview to outline conditions in Patarlagele commune, including some local contrasts between settlements on main transport axis along the Buzau valley and those in the hills and side valleys. Second there is a consideration of in-depth profiles of specific households in villages in the wider area including Panatau as well as Patarlagele commune. It remains to be seen to what extent the district will be able to safeguard its social capital when growth resumes in large towns especially Brasov and Buzau with which Patarlagele has the best contacts. It is also an open question how far the remoter settlements will retain a viable population, assuming that the services remain relatively poor while disadvantage persists with regard to both employment opportunities and physical security. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

泵吸反循环灌注桩钻进泵量选择的探讨

砂石泵泵量的选择是泵吸反循环钻孔灌注桩钻进工艺的关键,通过公式演算,提出泵吸反循环钻孔灌注桩钻井泵量的选择方法。     

黄土高原贫困山区经济持续发展战略--以晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区为例

针对晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区的区情特点,在分析预测该区发展机遇和主要产品市场前景的基础上,提出了新时期新形势下的经济可持续发展的方向和重点,同时选出区域的重点产业和重点开发区,相对集中建设,以培植区域增长极,作为开发整治的依托,最后提出贫困山区科技扶贫、信息与联系协作扶贫、融资与项目扶贫等对策思路。其结论为：黄土高原贫困山区可持续发展同时肩负着脱贫致富与生态建设双重重任,须将经济开发与环境整治及科技进步     

黄土高原生态脆弱贫困区生态经济发展模式研究——以甘肃省定西地区为例

本文对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区定西地区生态脆弱与贫困的双重矛盾进行了定性与定量相结合的分析,研究表明定西地区“脆弱-贫困”恶性循环是自然与人文要素长期作用的结果,近几十年又以人为因素的作用为主。在总结定西地区解放以来一手抓生态环境建设,一手抓扶贫攻坚,整体解决温饱的成功经验基础上,提出了黄土高原生态脆弱的贫困地区生态经济发展模式;实践证明,生态经济发展模式是黄土高原生态脆弱的贫困地区打破“脆弱-贫困”恶性循环,实现可持续发展的必由之路     

黔南州冰雹天气物理量特征分析

为提高黔南冰雹预报预警能力,利用黔南州1999-2021年12个县市气象站冰雹资料及贵阳探空资料,对115次冰雹天气过程中表征不稳定、水汽、热力、动力条件的19个物理量参数特征进行统计分析,并提取黔南地区发生冰雹的物理量阈值。结果表明：冰雹发生前,贵阳探空站的物理量在合适的范围时,黔南州出现冰雹的可能性较大;不同季节冰雹发生前的各物理量存在差异,秋冬季节动力条件表现明显,而春夏季节水汽、热力、层结稳定度条件更为显著;逆温层的出现对中低层温度、温度垂直递减率、低层水汽条件均有明显的影响,从而影响部分物理量的强弱,故本文按照有无逆温给出2-5月黔南冰雹天气的物理量阈值。     

新疆土地利用空间结构和布局分析

基于2008年新疆土地利用数据,采用计量地理学模型,并借助SPSS软件和ArcGIS软件,对新疆各地州(市)的土地利用数量结构和空间格局现状进行了定量分析,并与全国土地利用结构对比。结果表明:新疆现状土地资源具有明显的地域差异,北疆地区土地利用程度明显优于南疆,这种差异与所处的地理位置、地形地貌密切相关;土地利用结构的多样性和集中度由北向南递减;新疆的土地利用结构单一,各地区的土地利用类型组合系数普遍不高,反映出新疆土地利用的整体功能还有很大的提升空间。     

Transformation of Fish Corrals in Nha Phu Lagoon,Vietnam: livelihood changes and implications

ABSTRACT

Coastal fisheries in Nha Phu lagoon, Vietnam, have encountered dramatic transformation in recent decades. Socio-economic and environmental impacts are examined through the case of fish corrals. The intensification and expansion of fish corrals has helped some households to enhance their income and livelihood assets. Technological and access-related changes associated with this transformation have also resulted in lower incomes, and even pushed poorer households into indebtedness by undermining their livelihood assets. The privatisation of common pool resources has also led to marginalisation of the poor, increasing inequality in access to natural resources and social differentiation, as not all households are able to benefit from the technological changes taking place, while access to natural resources is increasingly concentrated among the wealthier households who are driving this process. A range of measures are needed to alleviate poverty and promote more diverse sustainable livelihood development in fishing communities around the lagoon.