控制点数量与DEM分辨率对海岸带遥感影像正射校正精度影响分析

在保证海岸带区域控制点均匀分布的基础上,对3景SPOT-5影像分别使用1：5万DEM和SRTM90m数据,开展6个、9个、12个控制点的影像正射校正。结果表明：在海岸带区域,基于传感器物理模型的1景SPOT-5影像正射校正,6个控制点即可保证较高的精度,控制点数量的增多对精度的提高并不显著;1：5万DEM比SRTM90m数据对影像的正射校正精度略高,但并不明显,在缺少1：5万DEM时,用SRTM90m数据代替亦能满足908课题的精度要求,进一步验证了SRTM90m数据在高分辨率遥感影像正射校正中的可用性。     

福清核电站邻近潮间带大型底栖生物数量分布与群落结构

于2006年2、4、7和10月在福清核电厂运行前对其邻近潮间带不同底质断面的大型底栖生物进行采样,以了解该潮间带大型底栖生物的种类及资源分布.结果表明,该核电站附近潮间带大型底栖生物总共为146种,以多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物为主.以季节和底质为因素对取样获得物种数进行双因素方差分析显示:种类获得数的季节变化无显著差异,底质间呈边缘性显著.4季的大型底栖生物平均生物量为1 446.11 g/m2、平均栖息密度为972个/m2.大型底栖生物生物量平均值为春季＞夏季＞冬季＞秋季,栖息密度平均值为夏季＞春季＞冬季＞秋季.以季节和底质为因素的双因素方差分析显示:大型底栖生物生物量和栖息密度季节间无显著差异但底质间差异极显著.底质和季节间大型底栖动物的Shannon-Weiner指数、Margalef种类丰度、Pielou均匀度和Simpson优势度指数均无显著差异.利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对福清核电站邻近潮间带大型底栖生物进行分析后得出,该潮间带大型底栖生物可划分为两个群落:岩礁群落和泥沙滩群落.分析表明,底质是影响大型底栖生物分布的主要环境因子,季节对大型底栖生物分布的影响不显著.     

黄土震陷变形特征的离心模型试验研究

通过离心模型试验研究了原状黄土和强夯处理黄土震陷变形的特征。试验结果表明,原状黄土的震陷量随着土体含水量和黄土层的厚度的增加而增大;试验结果同时表明,强夯法处理黄土地基在有效深度范围内可以完全消除黄土地基的震陷性。     

基于二元水循环的河流生态需水水量与水质综合评价方法——以辽河流域为例

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed,and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river re-quirements,the efficiency of water resource usage,the consumption coefficient,and the concentration of waste water elimination,the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed,and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established,and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized. Taking the Liaohe River as a model,the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River,Dongliao River,mainstream Liaohe River,Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated,each taking up 39.3%,63.0%,43.9%,43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow,the results show that: except Xiliao River is "median",the rest are all upon "good",the Dongliao River is even "very good". The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that,the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%,74.1%,60.8%,60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that: considering "quantity",except Xiliao River,the rest rivers can all achieve the "quantity" criteria of the en-vironmental flows of river requirements,but if considering the aspect of "quality",only Dongliao River can reach the "quality" standard. By water quantity-quality combined evalua-tion method,only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem de-mands.     

基于第三次国土调查成果对自然资源资产化的初步探索 ——以森林资源资产化为例

自然资源管理的核心问题是产权制度的落实,在一套具有法律地位的成果底图上,将资源属性向价值属性拓展,即自然资源资产化过程,为解决现实中山、水、林、田、湖、草等自然资源产权制度因服务多个部门行政管理需要而导致的产权分散独立的问题提供了解决方法.本文以森林资源为例,设计第三次国土调查工作分类与自然资源分类的对应方法,通过计算...     

中国非法采伐林木行为的空间分布及其驱动因子

基于2014—2020年中国50 094份非法采伐犯罪的刑事一审判决书,运用空间自相关分析与地理加权回归模型,探究中国非法采伐的空间分布特征及其驱动因素。结果表明：1）非法采伐多发于胡焕庸线东南侧,集中在云贵高原东南边缘、巫山―雪峰山沿线、武夷山脉―南岭沿线、大别山沿线、长白山沿线等地区;2）受自然、社会、经济条件的影响,上述高发区域的非法采伐特征存在明显的区域差异。3）非法采伐具有较强的空间集聚效应,相同地理分区内相邻地市非法采伐在空间上具有较强的稳定性;但不同区域间又呈各异的空间集聚特征,其中西南与东南地区主要呈高-高集聚态势、西北与华北地区为低-低集聚,东北地区与长江沿线地市则不显著。4）不同影响因子在空间上对非法采伐的驱动作用各异,其中自然禀赋是非法采伐产生的必要不充分条件,区域随着城市化与社会经济发展水平的提高能够有效抑制非法采伐的发生。     

应用MAPGIS制作地球化学图单元素异常图及综合异常图

利用MAPGIS离散数据网格化模型绘制地球化学图,通过四种不同的网格化方法效果对比,在元素含量分析数据极差相对较小时,采用Kring泛克立格法网格化模型绘制的地球化学图效果佳。分析数据极差相对较大时,采用距离幂函数反比加权网格化模型绘制的地球化学图效果较好。两种数据网格模型绘制的地球化学图均达到化探规范中对地球化学图的要求,因此提出了应用MAPGIS制作地球化学等含量线图,利用地球化学等含量线图的属性,绘制单元素异常图及综合异常图。     

乌蒙山区脱贫致富途径初探

本文论述了乌蒙山区经济社会主要特点,剖析了贫困落后的各种制约因素,提出了今后脱贫致富的若干途径与措施。     

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers&rsquo|water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle: A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river re-quirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized. Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that: except Xiliao River is “median”, the rest are all upon “good”, the Dongliao River is even “very good”. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that: considering “quantity”, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the “quantity” criteria of the en-vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of “quality”, only Dongliao River can reach the “quality” standard. By water quantity-quality combined evalua-tion method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem de-mands.