柴达木盆地北缘构造带早古生代造山后作用初探：泥盆纪沉积物物源示踪

柴达木盆地北缘(柴北缘)泥盆系牦牛山组以发育冲积扇沉积体系的粗碎屑岩和中酸性火山岩的岩石组合为特征,记录了柴北缘构造带从碰撞造山进入造山后阶段的核部岩石剥露过程。尕海南山牦牛山组地层顶部和底部的凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为396.6±2.4 Ma(MSWD=0.39,n=14)和396.9±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.052,n=14),指示了牦牛山组沉积时代大致为早泥盆世末期。不同出露点牦牛山组砂岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄谱具有不同的峰值特征：尕海南山调查点A,样品20QH-19具有532～505 Ma、935～891 Ma、1136～1064 Ma和3110～1309 Ma多峰特征;尕海南山调查点B,样品20QH-21具有537～443 Ma、1073～798 Ma和2463～1785 Ma多峰及20QH-22以明显的单一峰值～420 Ma为特征;牦牛山调查点C,20QH-26以明显的～418 Ma单峰为特征。多样的年龄组分指示了牦牛山组沉积物质主要来源于柴北缘志留纪—泥盆纪同造山岩浆岩、寒武系—奥陶系滩间山群、沙柳河群及欧龙布鲁克地块。...     

结合PCA和滑动时窗的电离层异常探测方法研究

针对主成分分析（PCA）方法探测电离层异常时探测范围有限且无法区分正负扰动的问题,提出一种结合PCA和滑动时窗的探测方法,并以3次强震为例检测其异常探测能力。结果显示,PCA-滑动时窗方法同时具备了2种方法的探测优势,相较于滑动时窗法,其探测结果更加直观、简明,且不易受空间环境影响,有相对更高的异常探测置信度和可靠度;相较于PCA方法,其能更好地用于长时间时空异常探测,并准确区分出正负异常。另外,通过进一步分析2020年瓦哈卡地震后发现,电离层在震前11~13 d、9 d及4~6 d出现明显异常,且异常位于震中偏南区域。综合4次地震可知,异常主要出现在震中偏南方向,大多呈共轭结构。     

智慧城市建设中的数字孪生与元宇宙探讨

随着城市管理和空间大数据、5G、人工智能等新型技术的深入结合,新型智慧城市相关的应用成为地理信息行业领域与社会重点关注的对象。本文主要介绍了智慧城市的背景与概念、理论与技术,阐述了数字城市、智慧城市及数字孪生城市三者的关系,总结了数字孪生城市现状及趋势,并探讨了元宇宙时代的智慧城市。智慧城市的萌芽期依靠空间信息技术、数据库技术、虚拟现实技术及计算机网络技术等构建数字城市,发展期在数字城市基础上融合人工智能技术、物联网技术、云技术及时空大数据技术等建设新型智慧城市,建设期结合新型智慧城市相关技术和实景三维技术等实现数字孪生。展望了跨时代的元宇宙智慧城市,或许会在数字孪生的基础上融合增强现实、扩展现实、脑机接口与体感设备等技术或设备,实现人类生活在两栖世界的美好憧憬。     

Selected Trace Elements in Snowpack on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan, China: As Yielded by Leaching Treatment Representative of Real-World Environmental Conditions

To investigate the seasonal variability and potential environmental significance of trace elements in mountain glaciers, the surface snow and snow pit samples were collected at Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (43o06'N, 86o49'E, 4 130 m a.s.l.), eastern Tianshan (天山), from September 2002 to September 2003, and analyzed for Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, and Ba. The samples were acidified (leached) in a manner intended to reasonably approximate the extent to which the natural hydrologic and weathering cycles would liberate elem...     

Distribution characteristics,exploration and development,geological theories research progress and exploration directions of shale gas in China

The shale gas resources in China have great potential and the geological resources of shale gas is over 100×10¹²m³,which includes about 20×10¹²m³ of recoverable resources.Organic-rich shales can be divided into three types according to their sedimentary environments,namely marine,marine-continental transitional,and continental shales,which are distributed in 13 stratigraphic systems from the Mesoproterozoic to the Cenozoic.The Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have the highest geological resources of shale gas,and the commercial development of shale gas has been achieved in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in these areas,with a shale gas production of up to 20×10⁹m³ in 2020.China has seen rapid shale gas exploration and development over the last five years,successively achieving breakthroughs and important findings in many areas and strata.The details are as follows.(1)Large-scale development of middle-shallow shale gas(burial depth:less than 3500 m)has been realized,with the productivity having rapidly increased;(2)breakthroughs have been constantly made in the development of deep shale gas(burial depth:3500-4500 m),and the ultradeep shale gas(burial depth:greater than 4500 m)is under testing;(3)breakthroughs have been made in the development of normal-pressure shale gas,and the assessment of the shale gas in complex tectonic areas is being accelerated;(4)shale gas has been frequently discovered in new areas and new strata,exhibiting a great prospect.Based on the exploration and development practice,three aspects of consensus have been gradually reached on the research progress in the geological theories of shale gas achieved in China.(1)in terms of deep-water fine-grained sediments,organic-rich shales are the base for the formation of shale gas;(2)in terms of high-quality reservoirs,the development of micro-nano organic matter-hosted pores serves as the core of shale gas accumulation;(3)in terms of preservation conditions,weak structural transformation,a moderate degree of thermal evolution,and a high pressure coefficient are the key to shale gas enrichment.As a type of important low-carbon fossil energy,shale gas will play an increasingly important role in achieving the strategic goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.Based on the in-depth study of shale gas geological conditions and current exploration progress,three important directions for shale gas exploration in China in the next five years are put forward.     

青海天峻南山蛇绿岩的地质特征及其形成环境

青海天峻南山蛇绿岩为本次1:5万区调中首次发现。从其地质特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征反映出陆内裂谷扩张的早石炭世小洋盆构造环境。它的发现对于重新认识宗务隆造山带的地质属性、地球动力学机制,与祁连造山带、柴达木地块的构造关系以及研究古特提斯洋演化提供了新的依据。     

河北迁安铁矿带南部尖晶石橄榄大理岩的特征及成因探讨

本文讨论的尖晶石橄榄大理岩产于迁安太古代变质铁矿带南区黄柏峪—脑峪门一带。岩体受古断裂构造控制,没有一定层位。其全岩成分、微量元素、稀土模式、矿物学特征及碳、氧同位素资料均表现了岩浆碳酸岩特征,与沉积成因的碳酸盐岩相差甚远。据此认为,该尖晶石橄榄大理岩是区内最早的一次岩浆活动的产物。     

新时代城市地质工作战略思考

中国共产党“十九大”提出了满足人民美好生活、人与自然和谐共生的目标,而现有城市地质工作体系不论从理论技术还是理念上,都难以满足服务“绿色、低碳、循环、安全、集约、智慧”城市发展需求,需要建立适应城市发展要求的新时代城市地质工作体系。我国现有城市地质工作经历了2003年以前单要素调查、2003以来多专业综合地质调查两个阶段,虽然在一定程度上服务了城市建设,但尚不能满足新时代城市国土空间立体可持续开发的需要。本文在全面分析国内外城市地质工作现状和存在问题的基础上,对新时代城市地质工作进行战略思考,提出建立以地球系统理论为指导,以多场扰动再平衡、全空间资源与环境评价以及空间资源协同规划等理论为基础的城市地质学理论体系;建立包括1项调查、3项评价、1套监测系统、1套信息系统的“1311”城市地质工作体系;提出新时代城市地质工作新机制。     

2020年Mw7.7加勒比海地震:反投影成像确定的一次超剪切事件

利用反投影方法,使用美国阿拉斯加台网的远场P波垂直分量地震数据,对2020年1月28日M_W7.7加勒比海地震的破裂过程分两个频段(0.2~1.0 Hz,0.5~2.0 Hz)进行成像.结果显示,地震沿西向单侧近线性破裂,破裂规模约为250 km,破裂时长约为98 s,平均破裂速率约为2.55 km·s^-1.破裂的瞬时速率存在明显波动,在大约53~62 s达到约6 km·s^-1,超过了所在深度的S波速度,为超剪切破裂.地震在5~15 s,21~30 s和66~79 s存在三个高频能量释放峰值,相应时段破裂速率较低,破裂能量得以在局部区域集中释放.破裂一直延伸至大洋中脊附近受阻挡而停止,转换断层几乎完全破裂,释放了加勒比板块和北美板块之间由于相对运动而长期积累的应力.发震断层特殊的空间几何特征和长期积累的应变能,为此次超剪切破裂事件的发生提供了断层几何和动力条件.     

Breaking the impasse: towards a new regime for international climate governance

The reality of the current international order makes it imperative that a just and effective climate regime should balance the historical responsibility of developed countries with the increasing absolute emissions from many developing nations. The key pillars are briefly proposed for a new international climate architecture that envisions replacing the current annex system with two new annexes: Annex α, for countries with high current emissions and historically high emissions, and Annex β, for countries with high current emissions and historically low emissions. Countries in both annexes would implement legally binding targets under this framework. Additionally, this proposal includes alterations and revisions to funding and technology transfer mechanisms to correct for weaknesses and inequities under the current Kyoto architecture. The proposed framework stems from a belief that a top-down, international approach to climate policy remains the most effective for ensuring environmental integrity. Given the slow rate of institutional learning, the reform and improvement of the current system is held as a more efficient course of action than abandoning the progress already achieved. It is argued that the proposed framework could effectively accommodate key equity, environmental integrity, and political feasibility concerns.