传统时期太湖流域的渔民及其生计

传统时期太湖流域的渔民群体分为陆上定居的兼业渔民(仍属农民身份)和水上流动的专业渔民,其生产与生活方式因水环境和鱼资源的分布而存在区域差异。太湖周边低地湖荡区的兼业渔民从事捕鱼的环境支持度和资源便利程度较高,渔业在农村副业序列中占有重要地位。东部河网地区水鱼资源欠丰,捕鱼技术简单,农民捕鱼生产的季节性和流动性较大。太湖上流动捕鱼的专业渔民生产技术高,具有规模化和互助性,构成自然捕捞商品鱼生产的主力大军。流动于东部内河上的专业渔民以单家独户生产为主,产量低收入少,缺乏互助合作。各类渔民共同具有的流动性和人口来源的复杂性,使其成为社会安全管理的重灾区,也是促成20世纪60,70年代政府彻底实施渔民上岸定居的重要原因。     

传承和发扬人文与经济地理学前辈的精神和知识体系——人文与经济地理学青年论坛综述

2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题,来自全国100余家高校和研究机构从事人文与经济地理学相关研究的青年学者370余人参会。这说明人文与经济地理学青年学者很活跃、有热情、有担当意识。青年学者要加强学习、传承和发扬人文与经济地理学前辈的精神和知识体系,迎接人文与经济地理学繁荣发展的新时代。     

内蒙古苏左旗南部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩特征及其构造意义

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群由早元古代宝音图群(1910Ma),中、新元古代温都尔庙群(1511Ma,825Ma)和早古生代乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉蛇绿混杂岩(409Ma)组成。出露于乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉地区的乌勒图蛇绿混杂岩是由层位不全的,肢解了的蛇绿岩经构造混杂而成。其基质主要为绢云绿泥石英片岩、变质凝灰质砂岩,局部为绿泥片岩。岩块成分复杂,大小不一,形态各异,杂乱分布,主要岩石类型为白云岩、硅质岩、超基性岩、基性火山岩、灰岩。蛇绿混杂岩岩石化学分析表明,超基性岩MgO/FeO^*比值在8-13,MgO/(MgO+ FeO^*)比值在0.85-0.87 之间,与世界大多数变质橄榄岩相同。基性火山岩具大洋拉斑玄武岩特征,常量元素和稀土元素显示陆间洋盆性质。蛇绿混杂岩被晚泥盆世色日巴彦敖包组地层不整合覆盖,前者所含超基性岩块Sm-Nd 同位素等时线年龄为409Ma,表明其形成于中、晚志留世,于晚泥盆世前发生构造侵位。     

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.     

阿尔金山北缘喀腊大湾地区早古生代中酸性侵入岩岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

喀腊大湾地区位于阿尔金山脉东北缘,当地早古生代时期构造环境复杂并且伴随剧烈的花岗质岩浆活动.通过对区域内早古生代中酸性侵入岩5个岩体（大平沟岩体、阿北银铅矿岩体、阿北岩体、4337北花岗岩体、喀腊大湾南岩体）的岩石学、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,探讨早古生代区域重大构造事件和构造环境.南部的喀腊大湾南岩体表现低钾性质,其余4个岩体样本为中高钾钙碱性中酸性岩,并且有向高钾演变的趋势,铝饱和指数在1.0~1.1之间,数据统计和分析大部分样品具有I型花岗岩特征,少部分显示了I型向S型过渡的性质,代表了洋壳-陆壳活动性大陆边缘的环境.结合喀腊大湾周边地质背景,本地区应该是阿尔金古洋壳和塔里木地块南北向碰撞作用的火山岛弧区域.     

The invertebrate fauna of a forest stream and its association with fine particulate matter

The invertebrate fauna colonising wooden blocks placed in a beech forest stream was studied over a period of 1 year. At least 31 species were taken during the course of the study, with 3 species of Chironomidae predominating numerically. Most species were associated principally with fine particulate matter (FPM) deposited on the upper surfaces of blocks, although a stonefly, Spaniocerca zelandica, was most abundant on the barer surfaces. Of the Chironomidae, Paucispinig‐era approximata and Polypedilum canum had clearly defined life history patterns with emergence from February to April and October to January, respectively. Psectrocladius sp. had a poorly defined life history. Gut contents of 16 insect species showed that 4 were predominantly predatory, and the remainder were detritivores. The latter could be categorised as shredders (large particle detritivores) or collector‐browsers which mainly ingested particles in the dominant (<50 μm) size range. Oxygen consumption by fine stream sediments was similar at different times of year which suggests that the food quality of detritus may tie relatively constant at all times.     

论新时期农村聚居模式研究

在准确把握新时期农村发展形势的背景下,基于当前农村聚居模式研究的理论与实践意义,构建了由农村聚居模式研究理论与方法体系、农村聚居模式的类型、农村聚居模式的功能与结构、农村聚居模式的发展过程与机理、农村聚居模式的调控与优化等五个方面组成的农村聚居模式研究框架体系,探索了从人地共生、城乡统筹、地域协调、社会和谐等不同视角对农村聚居模式进行研究的总体思路,提出了从地理学方法的应用与创新、多学科方法的融贯综合等两个方面对农村聚居模式研究方法体系进行完善的建议。     

21世纪人地关系研究前瞻

人地关系包括人对自然的依赖性和人的能动地位 ,人与自然关系的内涵随着人类社会的发展而发生变化。人地关系研究是近代地理学发展的基础 ,地理学中流行的环境决定论、可能论、文化景观学和人类生态学等都是聚焦于人地关系研究的不同学派。地球系统科学领域的研究重心是揭示人与自然的相互作用及所应采取的对策。信息时代人地关系的特征与工业时代有较大差别。人与自然的作用方式和强度将有显著不同 ,人类将全面系统地深化对自然的认识 ,人类活动空间将发生巨大变化 ,时空观念正在发生转变。知识与科技的作用 ,正成为社会经济发展的主要驱动力。由于地球的整体性和地球各圈层的相互作用 ,许多全球环境问题成为世界各国和社会公众关切的热点。人地关系研究的重要前沿领域包括 :全球环境变化及其区域响应 ,区域可持续发展及人地关系机理调控 ,社会生态与环境伦理研究与体系构建     

DISCUSSION ABOUT THE PETROGENESIS OF THE CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM YUMEN AND HOH XIL AREA, QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

DISCUSSION ABOUT THE PETROGENESIS OF THE CENOZOIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM YUMEN AND HOH XIL AREA, QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU     

可持续发展代际公平的初步研究

可持续发展概念自诞生以来,已经越来越得到社会各界的关注,其基本思想已经被国际社会广泛接受,并逐步向社会经济的各个领域渗透,成为当今社会的热点问题之一。按照国际社会广泛接受的概念,可持续发展是指既满足当代人的需要,又不损害后代人满足需要的能力的发展。显然,这里就提出了一个代际之间的关系问题。文章初步研究了可持续发展与环境冲突问题及代际公平的解决。