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41.
Results of a single group participating in an international experiment are analyzed. The experiment served to verify computational predictions of the ground-motion variations due to near-surface geological effects at a site established for that purpose by the California Department of Conservation. Based on an acceleration record at a rock location, and geotechnical model of medium, records at the other locations of a nearby sedimentary deposit were predicted. A 2-D finite-difference sensitivity analysis suggested that the lateral wave-propagation effects are negligibly small, and locally 1-D computations are sufficient for the present site. Those computations are compared with observations not available to the authors during the blind prediction. Peak accelerations, peak velocities and RMS accelerations were predicted with errors less than 159%, 114% and 62%, respectively. Maxima of the response spectra were fitted within a factor of 2. The predicted and observed Husid's plots (i.e., the normalized cumulative plots of the acceleration squared) have the correlation coefficients 0.98. The detected misfits do not show any simple relation to the instrument location, component, frequency, or time. 相似文献
42.
On the practice of estimating fractal dimension 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Coastlines epitomize deterministic fractals and fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimensions; a divider [compass] method can be used to calculate fractal dimensions for these features. Noise models are used to develop another notion of fractals, a stochastic one. Spectral and variogram methods are used to estimate fractal dimensions for stochastic fractals. When estimating fractal dimension, the objective of the analysis must be consistent with the method chosen for fractal dimension calculation. Spectal and variogram methods yield fractal dimensions which indicate the similarity of the feature under study to noise (e.g., Brownian noise). A divider measurement method yields a fractal dimension which is a measure of complexity of shape. 相似文献
43.
44.
The true potential energy curves for the electronic ground states of astrophysically important AlH and CaH molecules are constructed by the Rydberg-Klein-Rees method. Empirical potential functions, of three-parameters by Lippincott, of five-parameters by Hulburt and Hirsch-felder and, of electronegativity by Szöke and Baitz, are examined for the adequacy to represent the true curve. From the best-fitting function, the dissociation energiesD 0 0 of AlH and CaH molecules are estimated to be 2.99 ± 0.08 and 2.72 ± 0.06 eV respectively. The force constants indicate that these values are of correct magnitude. 相似文献
45.
46.
Delineation of groundwater protection zones by the backward particle tracking method: theoretical background and GIS-based stochastic analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Konstadinos N. Moutsopoulos Alexandra Gemitzi Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1081-1090
The backward particle tracking method, an effective and powerful tool that can be used to delineate groundwater protection
zones, is presented. The theoretical background and insights on the applicability of this method are provided. Moreover, the
present work enriches the backward particle tracking method with an uncertainty analysis concerning the porosity values, applying
a Monte Carlo (MC) approach, coupled with the use of geographical information systems (GIS). As an application example, a
wellfield in the Komotini area, Greece, is investigated. The present study may serve as a potential guideline for wellfield
delineation, particularly in areas like Greece where lack of data related to the hydrogeological system is often a problem. 相似文献
47.
This paper presents an example of application of the double solid reactant method (DSRM) of Accornero and Marini (Environmental
Geology, 2007a), an effective way for modeling the fate of several dissolved trace elements during water–rock interaction. The EQ3/6 software
package was used for simulating the irreversible water–rock mass transfer accompanying the generation of the groundwaters
of the Porto Plain shallow aquifer, starting from a degassed diluted crateric steam condensate. Reaction path modeling was
performed in reaction progress mode and under closed-system conditions. The simulations assumed: (1) bulk dissolution (i.e.,
without any constraint on the kinetics of dissolution/precipitation reactions) of a single solid phase, a leucite-latitic
glass, and (2) precipitation of amorphous silica, barite, alunite, jarosite, anhydrite, kaolinite, a solid mixture of smectites,
fluorite, a solid mixture of hydroxides, illite-K, a solid mixture of saponites, a solid mixture of trigonal carbonates and
a solid mixture of orthorhombic carbonates. Analytical concentrations of major chemical elements and several trace elements
(Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr and Ba) in groundwaters were satisfactorily reproduced. In addition to these simulations,
similar runs for a rhyolite, a latite and a trachyte permitted to calculate major oxide contents for the authigenic paragenesis
which are comparable, to a first approximation, with the corresponding data measured for local altered rocks belonging to
the silicic, advanced argillic and intermediate argillic alteration facies. The important role played by both the solid mixture
of trigonal carbonates as sequestrator of Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni and the solid mixture of orthorhombic carbonates as scavenger
of Sr and Ba is emphasized.
相似文献
Luigi Marini (Corresponding author)Email: |
48.
Mapping ambivalence: Exploring the geographies of community change and rails-to-trails development using photo-based Q method and PPGIS 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
As the literature on trail development suggests, recreational trail projects can generate conflicts and controversies, particularly when built on abandoned rail corridors through developed areas. These conflicts are often understood as “not in my back yard” (NIMBY) reactions, suggesting a spatial proximity to conflict which increases as one draws closer to the proposed trail. This research seeks to understand local residents’ perceptions and reactions to recreational trail development in the City of Delaware (Ohio, USA). It addresses two spatially infused questions: Does the potential for conflict related to trail development increase as people live closer to a potential trail (the NIMBY factor)? Can important qualitative factors about favorable and unfavorable land uses including potential recreational trail sites be defined using a participatory methodology and then represented in GIS? The study used a mixed-method approach to collect and analyze qualitative data from a group of local residents. Each participant was interviewed and asked to sort 19 pictures related to trail development. After each of the sorts, participants were asked to explain why they ranked the pictures the way they did. Results of the picture sorts were then analyzed using Q method and mapped with GIS. The results show that spatial proximity matters in the context of trail development and potential NIMBY reactions to trails. Significant differences were found in the picture sorts that reveal the importance of proximity and location, although in a manner contrary to the assumptions in the writings on rails-to-trails. Through combining qualitative methods, Q analysis and PPGIS analysis, the research shows that qualitative place-based studies are capable of generating insights about the complexities of situated geographic change such as recreational trail development. 相似文献
49.
V. A. Lebedev S. N. Bubnov O. Z. Dudauri G. T. Vashakidze 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(2):204-224
Isotopic-geochronological study of the Pliocene magmatic activity in western part of the Dzhavakheti Highland (northwestern region of the Lesser Caucasus) is carried out. The results obtained imply that the Pliocene magmatic activity lasted in this part of the highland approximately 2 million years from 3.75 to 1.75–1.55 Ma. As is established, the studied volcanic rocks correspond in composition mostly to K-Na subalkaline and more abundant normal basalts. Time constraints of main phases in development of basic volcanism within the study region are figured out. We assume that individual pulses of silicic to moderately silicic volcanism presumably took place in the Dzhavakheti Highland about 3.2 and 2.5 Ma ago. 相似文献