不同生境条件下泡泡刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)种群的空间格局及动态分析

应用生态空间理论(theory of spatial ecology)和地统计技术，分析了不同生境条件下泡泡刺种群的空间分布特征及其动态。结果表明：受气候条件的控制，泡泡刺种群是以斑块状格局形式存在。在较小的尺度上，生境条件起到了明显的作用，戈壁生境中的泡泡刺灌丛沙堆趋向于斑块小、密度大、空间自相关距离短，而沙漠生境中的结果相反。另外，沙埋和地下水位下降不仅为泡泡刺种群拓宽了生态位，而且是该种群演化的驱动力。     

The quality and qualities of population statistics, and the place of the census

Population counts are a key anchor for much of the official statistical system and the benchmark for many commercial and research surveys and analysis. Statistical offices around the world face a wide range of challenges in counting their population, most particularly in the years between censuses, as population flows become much freer and family structures continue to evolve. This paper considers these issues, reviewing how population counts have evolved over time in the UK and other countries. The paper also looks to the future, considering ways in which population count methodology might develop.     

论空间信息多级格网及其典型应用

探求适合网格计算环境下空间信息多级格网SIMG(spatialinformationmulti grid)的新概念及其表达的新方法 ,阐述了SIMG潜在的三大职能 ,剖析了SIMG面临的诸多挑战 ,研究了SIMG的技术体系结构 ,并以国家人口统计和经济数据统计为目标 ,设计一个带空间信息编码的人口普查多级格网 ,用于研究SIMG的应用设计方案 ,力求为空间信息的共享和服务找到一种有效的新途径     

人口地理信息系统的研制

提出了人口地理信息系统的层次结构、功能,并对人口地理信息系统的研制进行了详细的探讨。     

A Simplified Approach to Earthquake Risk in Mainland China

There are limitations in conventional earthquake loss procedures if attempts are made to apply these to assess the social and economic impacts of recent disastrous earthquakes. This paper addresses the need to develop an applicable model for estimating the significant increases of earthquake loss in mainland China. The casualties of earthquakes were studied first. The casualties of earthquakes are strongly related to earthquake strength, occurrence time (day or night) and the distribution of population in the affected area. Using data on earthquake casualties in mainland China from 1980 to 2000, we suggest a relationship between average losses of life and the magnitude of earthquakes. Combined with information on population density and earthquake occurrence times, we use these data to give a further relationship between the loss of life and factors like population density, intensity and occurrence time of the earthquake. Earthquakes that occurred from 2001 to 2003 were tested for the given relationships. This paper also explores the possibility of using a macroeconomic indicator, here GDP (Gross Domestic Product), to roughly estimate earthquake exposure in situations where no detailed insurance or similar inventories exist, thus bypassing some problems of the conventional method.     

The cities of Russia: some recent trends and experience of regional and urban planning

The author examines the recent situation in the development of cities in Russia. Recent trends include a lack of growth and even a decrease in population; extensive economic restructuring; a grave ecological situation in cities; and recent peculiarities in the geopolitical situation and population migration. Due to the new economic, demographic, geopolitical and social situation in Russia it is necessary to re-evaluate the prospects for the development and growth of the big cities in this country. The system of basic documents for regional and city planning in the former USSR and in Russia includes different stages: from The General Scheme for the Settlement Systems of the Country and The Regional Territorial Complex Schemes of Environmental Protection in different regions to the detailed plans for the different parts of cities and towns. The shortcomings of this system and in the process of the realization of the schemes of regional planning and general plans for cities are documented.     

全球人口增长及其地质环境变化

论述了全球人口及城市人口增长与发展的基本规律，根据历史记录数据建立了其预测指数方程，预测结果表明，２１世纪５０年代全球人口将超过１００亿；且其城市人口将于２０２５年发展为７９亿。论证了人口高速增长与全球地质环境变化紧密相关。讨论了农业地质环境变化－谷物供应问题以及可耕土地资源减少和水土资源流失、沙漠膜问题及工业矿产、能源、资源与水资源紧缺以及其地质环境变化问题。相应于地质环境变化问题建立了预测方程     

一个面向未来的历史性选择：—我国资源,环境问题与持续发展

文章概述了我国正以历史上最为严峻的资源、环境状况,承载着历史上最多的人口群及其最大的活动能力。初步探讨了持续发展的必然选择。     

Spatial variations in the similarity of earthquake populations: The case of the 1997 Colfiorito–Sellano (northern Apennines, Italy) seismic sequence

The spatial properties of events in the 1997 Colfiorito–Sellano seismic sequence (Northern Apennines, Italy) were investigated using coherence, a parameter derived from seismic moment tensors that quantifies the kinematic similarity between focal mechanisms. The 1997 Colfiorito–Sellano seismic sequence predominantly consists of normal faulting earthquakes, with a few strike-slip and reverse faulting episodes. This kinematic heterogeneity is possibly related to the contemporaneous activity of two different sets of faults: NW–SE normal faults and NNE–SSW sub-vertical faults, the latter inherited from the previous Miocene compressional phase. The study used two independently-derived data sets of the same seismic sequence characterized by a different number of events and by different precision of spatial localisation. Their statistical significances, assessed through a reshuffling procedure, reveal that data sets with at least some hundreds of events and good positional precision are required to obtain significant results through coherence analysis. Results from the better quality data set indicate that this seismic sequence is characterized by a rapid decrease in the kinematic similarity between earthquake pairs within 2 km of separation, particularly along directions sub-perpendicular to the normal fault strike. The decrease rate seems to be controlled by the geometric characteristics of the normal faults, given that the mean along-dip distance between fault segments is 2 km. In proximity to pre-existing tectonic lineaments the relative abundance of strike-slip and reverse faults tends to decrease the kinematic similarity between events but does not influence the coherence decrease rate. The presence of mixed focal mechanisms (normal, reverse and strike-slip) in a single seismic phase implies that mixed fault types are not restricted to polyphase tectonic histories: such heterogeneous kinematics during a single phase may be induced by the presence of inherited discontinuities.     

A New Method for Computing the Mean Center of Population of the United States

The mean center of population of the United States is a convenient location used to summarize the population distribution of the United States and how it changes over time. As computed by the U.S. Census Bureau, the center depends on an arbitrary choice of a map projection. We feel that this location should depend only on the population distribution and not on any choices made in representing the data of the distribution. This note discusses a method for computing this location that does not depend on any choices made and describes how the results of this method differ from those of the Census Bureau.