从地震震害中看“隔震现象”

本文在对多次地震震害资料进行研究分析的基础上,对其中符合现代隔震原理或思想的震而不倒的现象进行了分析,并将其划归为5类:(1)柱基“铰结”隔震消能;(2)结构底部柔性防潮层或薄弱层滑移隔震;(3)殿基、墙基或塔基滑移隔震消能;(4)柔性地基隔震消能;(5)采用长周期柔性结构。针对每一类情况分别进行了剖析,并列举了一系列震害实例。最后对现代隔震技术发展中所存在的问题及发展方向提出了看法。     

贫困山区农户人力资本对生计策略的影响研究——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

人力资本是构建农户生计的关键要素,从人力资本视角探讨农户生计选择对于推动农户生计转型、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。论文以西南贫困山区四川省凉山彝族自治州为案例区,采用2018年508个农户样本数据,应用回归模型,估算了人力资本对农户生计策略的影响。结果表明：人力资本是山区农户生计选择的重要影响因素,不同类型人力资本对农户生计策略的影响不同,且具有明显的空间差异。教育文化、健康状况对非农生计策略的选择具有正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区,健康状况对河谷区农户生计选择影响不显著;非农技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有显著的正向影响,且高山区>二半山区>河谷区;农业技能培训对非农生计策略选择具有负向影响,且高山区<二半山区<河谷区,但其对高山区农户生计选择并不显著;青壮年劳动力倾向于选择非农生计,务农人口老龄化问题严峻,高山区表现最为突出,二半山区次之,河谷区较不明显。最后,根据研究结论,探讨了人力资本、劳动力转移与乡村发展之间辩证关系及相关政策建议。     

贫困地区耕地的地形和土壤肥力特征分析与质量评价

本文利用全国1∶100万土地利用数据和1∶400万土壤肥力综合质量数据,从耕地的地形特征和土壤肥力两个角度,对贫困地区和非贫困地区的耕地自然质量进行比较研究。研究表明:贫困地区平原型、丘陵型耕地比重较低、山地型和陡坡型耕地比重较高;贫困地区耕地土壤肥力的平均水平和非贫困地区差别不大,但土壤肥力好和较好的耕地所占比重较小。本文还建立了包括地形特征和土壤肥力综合质量两个因素的耕地自然质量评价指数,从县域尺度对全国耕地自然质量进行定量评价,并发现贫困地区耕地自然质量评价指数在低值区集中的特征更为显著。     

湖南典型贫困区土地生态状况评估与障碍因子诊断----以平江县为例

利用遥感、DEM、基础地理信息、土地利用变更调查、社会经济统计等各类数据和专题图件,以平江县为例,构建湖南典型贫困区土地生态状况综合评估体系,对平江县土地生态状况进行综合评估,并计算各个元指标障碍度。结果表明,平江土地生态质量总体较好,大部分地区表现为优良状态,土地生态质量空间差异性较大,在空间上呈现北低南高、西低东高的趋势。影响平江县和各个乡镇土地生态状况的主要障碍因子为湿地比例、林地年退化率、土地利用类型多样性指数、耕地比例、植被覆盖度,个别乡镇的主要障碍因子还包括水面比例和人口密度。通过对平江县土地生态状况进行综合评估与分析,寻找影响其土地生态健康发展的主要障碍因子,提出相关建议,以实现土地可持续利用,为湖南典型贫困区土地生态状况评估提供科学研究方法。     

利用欧拉反褶积法估计二度磁性体深度与位置

为了利用欧拉反褶积进行快速计算,提出了多个大小不同的滑动窗口进行多次覆盖的算法,对高精度磁测剖面逐点反复计算,并根据统计学原理从大量计算结果中剔除坏解,保留合理的解;还根据2-D模型讨论了结构指数与欧拉反褶积的结果的关系。将该方法应用于我国西北某地区的高精度航磁资料处理,获得较好的地质效果。     

International workshop on advancing methods to overcome challenges associated with life history and stock assessments of data-poor deep-water snappers and groupers

Most fisheries for deep-water snappers, groupers and other demersal fishes in many countries and territories throughout the Indo-Pacific are data-poor and/or resource-poor. Current and emerging methods for obtaining important information on life history, ecological assessments, and stock assessments for these deep-water species were discussed at an international workshop in Perth, Western Australia in July 2016. The key issues raised included: (i) the ongoing need to adopt nascent methods for otolith sectioning and interpretation; (ii) the need for standardised international ageing protocols to be documented; (iii) the benefits of investigating otolith chronologies both for age validation and the influence of climate variability on fish populations; (iv) a need to investigate the ecological niches and requirements for deep-water fishes; (v) improved understanding of genetic stock structure/connectivity, diet and gene flow across a range of spatial scales; (vi) the need for an improved understanding of the performance and uncertainty associated with length- and age-based catch curves and spawning potential ratio stock assessments; and (vii) the issues and challenges in developing harvest strategies for deep-water data, and/or resource poor resources. Many new or refined strategic directions for further investigation were identified to resolve uncertainty in monitoring and assessment approaches to contribute toward more rigorous fisheries management arrangements.     

乡镇供水中地表水和地下水的联合运用

结合工程实例，对地表水水源及地下水水源进行了分析评价，认为在乡镇供水中。联合运用地表水和地下水，既充分发挥了现有水源工程(地表水水库)的作用，又开发利用了地下水资源。实现了开源的目的。提高了乡镇供水的保证率，为水行政主管部门发展乡镇供水提供了可靠的水源保障，达到了充分合理利用水资源的效果。     

昆明市"城中村"问题及改造对策研究--以盘龙区东庄村为例

随着昆明市城市化进程的加快和行政区划的重新调整,城市辐射功能增强,城市空间急剧扩展,使原来的城市边缘区域为中心区所包围,形成大片“城中村”。昆明市“城中村”改造涉及范围广、数量大、人口多,缺少可以置换的土地,改造成本巨大。以昆明市最大的“城中村”——东庄村改造为个案,通过实地调查、访谈和文献法,分析昆明市“城中村”的现状、问题和成因,并认为应尽快分阶段进行改造。在改造中,应从昆明市目前的社会经济情况出发,根据不同类型,选择实施以开发商为主体和以村民为主体的不同改造模式。同时,政府应加强监督与协调,尽早制定“城中村”改造的地方政策和法规,编制统一、科学的规划,积极协调和平衡村民、村集体和开发商之间的利益冲突,保护村民的利益不受侵害,并通过职业培训、社区服务、社会保障等措施解决村民的生计,转变他们的思想观念、生活方式,使其真正融入现代社会。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .