内蒙古巴林右旗下三叠统幸福之路组化石新发现

下三叠统幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,时代为早三叠世.重新实测了幸福之路组三段建组剖面,采集了孢粉、叶肢介、双壳及植物化石,其中孢粉化石为首次发现.孢粉化石为A lisporites communis-Vittatina costabilis组合,叶肢介为Cyclotun-guzites-Euestheria组合.综合分析孢粉、叶肢介化石组合特征,认为其时代相当于早三叠世早期;幸福之路组孢粉组合在古植物地理区划上与新疆北部晚二叠世—早三叠世孢粉组合关系密切,但也含有华北地台晚二叠世晚期的一些分子,记录了安加拉和华夏两大植物群的交流.幸福之路组与林西组孢粉组合具有明显的连续性.     

Advance in Pollen Source Area

The conception of pollen source area has attracted broadly attention since it was proposed in the 1960s. In this paper,it can be subdivided into Normal Source Area of Pollen (NSAP) and Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP) based on reviewing former studies and our recent work of vegetation survey and pollen analysis in the Northern China. The NSAP means a source area of pollen input a sedimentary basin,indicating a distance area beyond where the pollen contents of major pollen types do not show evident increase with increased distance. The RSAP means a source area of pollen assemblages in a basin has the closest relationship with surrounding plants,indicating a distance area beyond where the relationship between pollen assemblage and surrounding vegetation do not show obvious increase with increased distance. The changes of sedimentary basins radii and pollen grain size influence the NSAP and RSAP evidently. Wind speed also changes the NSAP, but does not significantly affect RSAP. The pollen of a sedimentary basin is composed of local pollen,regional pollen and extra regional pollen,which usually account for 30%~45%,25%~60% and 10%~30%,respectively. Local pollen which refers to the pollen coming within the RSAP range,is a reflection of the surrounding vegetation,and has important implications to the reconstruction and succession of local vegetation. Regional pollen which refers to the pollen coming from within the range of NSAP and excluding the range of local pollen,is the important carrier of studies for vegetation restoration and climate change. The pollen that comes outside the range of NSAP is called Extra regional pollen,which is mainly from greater distance by upper air flow,and has no indicator significance to the regional vegetation.     

Late Eocene pollen records and palaeoenvironmental changes in northern Tibetan Plateau

The Eocene palaeovegetation landscape and palaeoclimate reconstructed from the pollen records in the Jiuquan Basin, northwest China provide some important information on the early uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the origin and evolution of the aridification in northwest China. The records show the arid-semiarid scrubs with open forest palynofloras controlled by the subtropical high existed in northwest China during the 40.2–33.4 Ma. Four pollen assemblages are found: Nitrariadites-Cheno-podipollis-Pinaceae assemblage (40.2–37.9 Ma) is followed by Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage (37.9–34.6 Ma), Pinuspollenites & Abietineaepollenites-Chenopodipollis assemblage (34.6–33.9 Ma), and Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage (33.9–33.4 Ma). The percentage of thermophilic types is in anti-correlation with that of the dry types, which means the palaeoclimate is relatively warm-wet or cold-dry during most of that time. Such aridity may be related to the water vapor reduction and the planetary wind system movement northward in response to the cooling caused by small-ephemeral ice-sheets. Supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant No. 2005CB422001), the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40334038, 40421101) and the President Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences     

酸性、碱性以及热处理环境下泡桐花粉保存实验研究

在实验室条件下对泡桐花粉进行热处理、酸处理、碱处理.观察发现,泡桐花粉十分耐酸、碱和高温.用蒸馏水煮沸花粉混合液1～10 h,花粉几乎无变化;用5%氢氧化钠溶液煮沸泡桐花粉1～5小时,部分花粉外壁变得略为粗糙.用30%和40%的氢氧化钠溶液对其煮沸达3小时,个别花粉壁轻微破裂;用50%硫酸溶液煮沸泡桐花粉达3小时,镜下观察一少部分花粉碳化变黑,个别花粉壁破坏.整个实验中几乎没有花粉壁破坏严重,观察到的极个别破坏程度较大的花粉也不能断定是上述处理造成的.花粉的破坏和蚀变机理有待进一步研究.     

中国北方森林群落现代花粉与植被和气候的关系

53 pollen traps and surface samples were collected in order to detect the characteristics of pollen assemblages and their relationships with vegetation and climate in 16 forest communities located in 10 mountains in northern China. The results show that 72% of the pollen taxa (80 taxa) are the same between the traps and the surface samples. The dominant taxa in the plant communities are consistent with the main pollen taxa in the pollen assemblages at the same sites. In Pinus plant communities, both Pinus pollen influx and concentration are higher, indicating the high pollen productivity and good pollen preservation ability of Pinus. In Picea and Abies plant communities, Picea and Abies have lower pollen influxes but higher concentrations, suggesting their low pollen productivities but better pollen preservation abilities. In Betula and Quercus plant communities, Betula and Quercus have higher pollen influxes but lower concentrations, revealing their high pollen productivities but poor pollen preservation abilities. The study of relationships between pollen and vegetation with discriminant analysis shows that pollen assemblages from both trap and surface samples can reflect the characteristics of different communities and distinguish different ecological areas, but surface samples can reflect the dominant components of communities much better than the traps. The study on correlations between pollen assemblages and climate with DCCA reveals that significant correlations exist between pollen assemblages and mean temperature of the coldest month (r = 0.84 for trap samples, r = 0.72 for surface samples), and then annual mean precipitation (r = 0.73 for trap samples, r = 0.71 for surface samples).     

青海表土花粉分布规律及其与植被的关系

对青海地区63个样点进行植被调查及表土样点分析结果显示:青海地区山地针叶林、针阔混交林、高山灌丛-灌丛草甸、温带草原、灌木-半灌木荒漠及高寒荒漠植被区均有相对独特的花粉组合特征。乔木类中桦呈超代表性,云杉、柏、杨属呈低代表性;灌木、草本中白刺、沙拐枣、柽柳呈低代表性,蒿、藜、麻黄呈超代表性,蔷薇科金露梅、银露梅在自身为优势种的落叶灌丛群落中呈低代表性,在针阔叶林、灌丛草甸过渡带中呈适中代表性。禾本科、莎草科、菊科、豆科、十字花科呈低代表性。A/C值在不同生态环境下的变化幅度较大,但数据组显示A/C值中位数值由半干旱向干旱植被区逐次降低,如草甸和草原为4.14,高山灌丛为2.93,荒漠草原为1.22,荒漠灌丛为0.13,荒漠戈壁为0.05。可见,A/C值能很好地反映环境干湿程度,是环境干旱程度的良好指标。     

Modern pollen rain in the Lake Qinghai basin,China

Lake Qinghai is the largest inland brackish lake in China and lies within the NE Tibetan Plateau. Our study shows that pollen assemblages in each vegetation belt are significantly correlated with the vegetation types of this area. Among the herbaceous and shrubby pollen assemblages, Artemisia is over-represented, while Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae are under-represented. Artemisia/ Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratios with the regional vegetation characteristic can be used as a proper index to reconstruct the...     

塔里木盆地原油孢粉集合

记述了塔里木盆地 44个原油样品中发现的孢子花粉化石 83属 1 6 3种 基于原油孢粉集合组成的研究,探讨了塔北、库车、喀什和叶城四个含油区油源岩的时代和层位 并根据孢粉化石的颜色鉴定了油源岩的成熟度。研究结果表明,研究区石炭系、三叠系和侏罗系油源岩都是成熟的油源岩。此外,还详细介绍了从原油中萃取孢子花粉和藻类化石的方法。     

现代松粉热模拟产气态烃、气态非烃及水分特征

研究表明,现代松粉热模拟实验释放水的产出分两个阶段,两类水,第一阶段,４００℃以前释放水为松粉内部以水分子形式存在的结合水,呈弱酸性（ｐＨ＝６）,为第一类水,第二阶段,４００℃以上温度释放水为松粉内部和高岭石内部结构水（－ＯＨ）,呈弱碱性（ｐＨ＝９）,为第二类水,现代松粉热模拟实验产出气体量随温度升主呈逐渐上升趋势,４５０℃以后上升梯度突然增大,所产气体分为两大类：Ｉ类为无机气体,由Ｎ２、Ｈ２和ＣＯ２气体组成,以ＣＯ２相对丰度最主为特征。ＣＯ２气主要来自有机酸的脱羧反应和离子太氧与有机质氧化还原反应产出ＣＯ２。Ｈ２气主要来自孢粉和烃,Ｃ４～Ｃ６异构饱和烃及丙烯、丁烯不饱和烃等分子物标志物,其中以甲烷相对丰度最高为特征,气态有机烃来自孢粉内有机物的热降解产物,松粉 拟实验中丰富的气态有机烃和无机气体的检测出,为研     

河北平原沉积物中记录的新仙女木事件

河北平原的高阳、羊二庄、南庄头孢粉剖面和阳原、怀涿盆地的冻融褶皱清楚地记录了冰期向全新世过渡中的新仙女木气候逆转事件.河北平原的新仙女木降温事件以冷干为特征,降温幅度约8℃.