云南元谋盆地距今210-120 ka间干热气候变化重建

元谋盆地西侧浪巴铺湖相沉积物(厚27 m)ESR年代测定结果显示,浪巴铺古湖存在于距今216±20 ka至122±10 ka,经历了倒数第二次间冰期末期、倒数第二次冰期以及末次间冰期初期.结合粒度、磁化率和孢粉等数据,重建了元谋地区距今216±20 ka至122±10 ka期间的气候变化历史:距今216 ～ 185 ka期间,孢粉平均浓度为全剖面最高,出现了喜高温的苏铁科和栲属植物以及指示湿润环境的莎草科植被,表明这段时期气候相对湿热,对应倒数第二次间冰期晚期;距今185 ～150 ka期间,孢粉浓度迅速降低,1050 cm深处(距今160 ka)孢粉浓度只有8.67粒/100 g,对应倒数第二次冰期盛冰期;距今150 ～122 ka期间出现数层砂砾石层,草本植物比例增加,气温回升,降水减少,湖泊面积缩小直至消失,气候干热趋势显著.考虑到浪巴铺古湖沉积物样品平均孢粉浓度只有34.35粒/100g,认为至少在倒数第二次冰期之前,元谋盆地气候的干旱特征已经十分显著,植被稀疏,末次间冰期以来,气候的干热特征已与现代基本相同.     

云南鹤庆古湖晚更新世的孢粉记录及其古气候学意义

本文通过鹤庆古湖沉积物的孢粉记录对该区晚更新世的古植被和古气候进行了恢复。该区末次间冰期和末次冰期内部气候波动性特点与深海氧同位素记录有着较好的可比性,反映在全球变化的背景上,气候的不稳定性同样在本区有明显的响应。而且不同季风区气候资料对比也表明,本区冷湿和暖干的气候组合具有明显的区域特征,末次冰期该区夏季锋面降水增多,而间冰期则与之相反。造成这种区域环境效应的原因,与西南季风区大气环流的复杂性、云贵高原的地貌部位以及由青藏高原地表反照率引起的热力学和动力学过程有关。     

双气囊花粉与三垛运动

现代山地针叶树的双气囊花粉的散布,沉积作用表明,中新世早期在江苏建湖隆起上,曾有亚高山,中山,其上生长着冷杉,云杉,铁杉等松科植物。地壳运动在上升和下降的过程中,双气囊花粉在内陆盆地完整的地质记录中,应随着地壳上升,山地面积扩大,海拔升高而渐渐增多,并出相相应海拔生长的属和四;在地壳下降和剥蚀夷平的过程中,双气囊花粉等情况则相反。以这个连续沉积剖面中双气囊花粉的变化模式,对比苏北南黄海盆地新,老第     

孢粉资料定量重建泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址时期的古气候

泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址在中国旧石器文化及古人类演化进程中占有十分重要的地位,但前人研究多集中在古人类及哺乳动物化石及其地层年代方面,对古人类生存时的古气候、古环境研究较少,更未见定量研究.本文利用最终筛选后的420个表土和83个地层样品的孢粉数据,采用MAT(modern analogue technique)方法定量重建了泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址220～85ka B.P.的年均温和年均降水序列.依据孢粉定量重建的气候变化序列与大西洋-太平洋深海氧同位素和南极冰芯记录的MIS 5、MIS 6和MIS 7阶段有较好对应.冰期时,泥河湾盆地的年平均气温比现在低2～4℃,年均降水量比现在多200～400mm;间冰期时,年均气温比现在高约1℃,或与现在相近,年均降水量也与现在相近.冰期时,泥河湾盆地的古气候相对稳定,间冰期时波动频繁.侯家窑古人类生活在大理冰期(MIS 6阶段),气候寒冷湿润,丰富的动植物资源成为侯家窑人的主要食物来源,侯家窑人已学会适应和抵御严寒的气候环境.     

江苏淮安地区上白垩统含盐地层孢粉组合序列

江苏淮安地区上白垩统含盐地层含有丰富的孢粉化石 ,可划分为 3个孢粉组合 :第 孢粉组合为 Clas-sopollis- Quantonenpollenites组合 ;第 孢粉组合为 Classopollis- Lythraites组合 ,这二个组合的地质时代均为土伦期 ;第 孢粉组合为 Schizaeoisporites- Beaupreaidites组合 ,时代为土伦晚期—桑顿期。当地此时为干旱炎热的亚热带—热带气侯。     

辽西城子山遗址夏家店下层文化期农业活动特征及环境效应

以辽西城子山文化遗存剖面为研究对象,运用花粉、炭屑、炭化种子和果壳等指标,重建城子山地区夏家店下层文化期农业活动特征及环境效应.研究显示城子山原生植被主要为松属针叶林,先民采用"刀耕火种"农业模式毁林开荒,导致原生植被消失以及次生榛属灌丛和杂草增加.城子山剖面中禾本科花粉含量峰值与炭屑浓度峰值相对应,表明先民高强度或频...     

石羊河流域表土孢粉与植被的关系

通过对石羊河流域不同植被带76个表土样的孢粉分析, 研究了该流域各植被带的表土孢粉组合及主要植物花粉与其植物比例的关系. 结果显示: 石羊河流域各科属孢粉与植物之间的关系复杂, 同一科属孢粉在不同植被带中的代表性也各有差异, 所以某科属孢粉的代表性问题需要在不同植被带中分别讨论. 森林带的云杉属花粉和流域自身的大气环流状况是影响流域表土孢粉组合及各科属花孢粉与植物关系的主要因素.     

Lateglacial and Holocene palaeoenvironments at Sierra La Madera,northwestern Mexico: Sharp signals of Younger Dryas and North American monsoon

During the last glacial termination, the climate system experienced intense global variations whose causes and impacts are not fully defined, particularly for low latitudes. The northwestern Mexico Sky Islands present a climate-sensitive ideal setting to record palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic changes due to their physiographic complexity and location in the ecotone between temperate and tropical ecosystems. High-resolution pollen analysis and a detailed sedimentological study were conducted at the Ciénega Tonibabi tropical thorn scrub site. The 15 540–0 cal a bp nearly continuous record shows that the North Atlantic Ocean did have a cold and humid climatic influence during the glacial stages of the end of the Pleistocene, including a sharp pulse during the Younger Dryas. However, a shift to the Pacific Ocean influence occurred during the Holocene, which led to the development of the El Niño conditions prevailing today. Colder and warmer phases follow one another with higher or lower winter precipitation, including a sharp Bølling–Allerød and development and intensification of the North American monsoon. They are reflected in hydrological changes as well as in the advances, retreats and intermingling of coniferous forests and tropical thorn scrub.     

Paleoenvironmental dynamics in central-eastern Brazil during the last 23 000 years: tropical peatland record in the Cerrado biome

The Cerrado biome is the second largest in Brazil, but the evolution of the Cerrado during the late Quaternary is not yet fully known. This study identifies paleoenvironmental changes during the last 23 000 years, based on a tropical mountain peatland record, in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional in central-eastern Brazil. A multi-proxy approach was used that involved palynological analysis, stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N), geochemistry, radiocarbon dating and multivariate statistics derived from a peatland core from Rio Preto (Minas Gerais state). The study reveals a very humid and cold climate during the late Pleistocene, with an increase in temperature and decrease in humidity at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. During this period there was strong instability in the landscape (episodes of erosion). At the beginning of the Holocene there was a reduction in humidity with greater landscape stability. The current sub-humid climatic conditions seem to have been established in the mid-/late Holocene, with periods of landscape instability. Our findings agree with other Cerrado records that contradict previously established hypotheses, such as the Amazonian Refuge and the Pleistocene Arc.