战略耦合对区域经济韧性的影响研究——以广东省为例

战略耦合与区域经济韧性分别为关系经济地理学派与演化经济地理学派的关键变量,在当下已有的研究中,前者缺乏区域长期演化的动态视角,后者忽视区域外部的经济联系对区域内部的影响,二者缺乏理论对话;同时,战略耦合在当下缺乏定量研究,成为两个学派之间进行融合的阻碍之一。因此,以广东省21个城市为例,基于回归分析、地理探测器等方法,从区域经济中外资的出口主导、生产主导、技术主导3个维度来测度战略耦合程度对区域经济韧性的影响,以此尝试推动两个学派的互动。研究结论：① 证实战略耦合对区域的经济韧性有着显著的影响,其中外资的生产主导影响最为显著,其次是外资的技术主导,影响最小的是外资的出口主导;② 中国港澳台地区投资与其他外资对区域经济韧性的作用机制存在根本性差异,体现在区域韧性变动的过程中,二者在技术主导和生产主导维度上的影响效果相反;③ GDP、FDI、出口总额等传统的全球化程度的测度指标不适合作为测度战略耦合对区域经济韧性影响的重要变量。本研究通过方法的创新,实现了对战略耦合的一次完整的定量测度,进一步实现了关系经济地理学派与演化经济地理学派在方法上的一次理论互动,为全球生产网络后续更加深入的量化研究奠定了基础。     

江苏省人口—经济耦合与经济发展阶段关联分析

运用灰色关联法建立耦合系统评价指标体系,构建人口与经济耦合关联模型,以江苏省县域为研究单元,基于第五次及第六次人口普查数据,定量评判人口与经济发展的耦合类型及特征,并将其与经济发展阶段相联系,研究耦合类型与不同经济发展阶段的变化规律。结果表明:2000年江苏省处于工业化初期,各县域大致划分为低水平(14个)、拮抗型(29个)、磨合型(20个)3种类型耦合区;2010年全省处于工业化中期向后期过渡阶段,各县域分为拮抗型(40个)、磨合型(11个)和协调型(12个)3种类型耦合区;耦合类型空间分布以长江为界,苏南与苏北两极分化明显,长江以北耦合类型水平较低,长江两岸耦合类型中等,长江以南耦合类型水平较高。从人口与经济发展耦合类型和经济发展阶段变化间的关联来看,在市场开放的条件下,区域的耦合类型随着经济发展阶段的升级而依次升级,经济发展阶段越高,人口与经济耦合程度越高,其耦合类型与经济发展水平在空间上则越趋向于协调一致。     

休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度评价指标体系构建及应用

休闲农业的发展为美丽乡村建设提供有力的产业支撑,美丽乡村建设为休闲农业发展提供必要的技术和管理支持,二者的协调发展对于乡村地区建设生态文明,实现"美丽中国"具有重大意义。在对休闲农业与美丽乡村两个子系统预选指标选择的基础上,通过专家筛选、聚类分析、相关性分析、指标鉴别和定量检验,构建一整套科学、全面评价休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度的指标体系,并通过层次分析法和包络数据分析法确定各指标的权重,再以物理学上容量耦合模型为依据构建耦合协调度评价模型。以都江堰现代农业区为例进行实证分析,运用这套指标体系进行休闲农业与美丽乡村之间耦合度的评价,为休闲农业和美丽乡村耦合协调发展以及进一步破解"三农"问题提供指导。     

沁水盆地煤层气构造动力条件耦合控藏效应

构造动力条件涵盖诸多要素,综合分析这些要素与煤层气成藏效应之间关系,是全面认识构造动力条件控藏效应的基础。为此,本文采用盆地分析、构造应力场模拟、镜质组光性组构、构造曲率等方法,分析了盆地构造演化、构造应力场、盆内构造分异、煤储层构造变动等与煤层气成藏效应之间关系,探讨了有利于煤层气富集高渗条件发育的构造动力特点。研究表明：燕山期是控制煤层气成藏的关键时期,该期NW-SE向近水平挤压构造应力场作用下形成的次级褶曲和高角度正断层,奠定了盆地煤层气赋存规律的总体格局,使NNE-NE向次级褶曲成为主要的控气构造类型;构造动力通过煤储层改造程度对煤储层渗透性发育特点的控制,不仅体现于镜质组光性指示面形态及其空间展布特征,也使得中等程度的构造主曲率可能提供最有利于煤层气渗流的构造条件,导致现代构造应力场高主应力差有利于煤层渗透率的发育。耦合分析认为,沁水盆地煤层气成藏效应取决于上述构造动力学因素之间的合理配置,南部仰起端的阳城北、中南部西段的安泽—沁水、中部西侧的沁源周围、东部中段的武乡西北等4个地段,可能存在有利于煤层气成藏的构造动力学条件。     

A Loose Coupling Technique for Integrating GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Spatial decision making is characterized by problems associated with multiple and conflicting alternatives relating to geographical features and their attributes. As such, the search for the best possible alternative from a large set of such alternatives can be a daunting task. The aim of integrating GIS with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is to develop a well‐defined process that can scan through such extensive fields of choice to arrive at the best possible solution. Goal Programming is one tool (developed in conjunction with MCDM) that can handle a problem with multiple, conflicting and incommensurable alternatives, and this article explains how the loose coupling technique can integrate MCDM with GIS to assist decision making among competing alternatives. As an example, this methodology has been applied for community development purposes in the Hooghly District of West Bengal, India.     

全球变化背景下生态气象监测、评价及预警若干问题

IPCC发布的气候变化报告表明,全球变暖是不争的事实,中国气候变化的总体效应为弊大于利;人类必须通过共同努力,应对气候变化的负面效应.在全球变化背景下,生态系统中的生物与环境要素如何变化,相关生态现象与生态过程机制如何,生态问题及其机制如何,均需要全面监测及综合评价才可能通过构建模型、建立基准进行风险预警.这也是目前生态环境损害赔偿及维护生态稳定性的客观需要.生态要素影响并制约着区域气候特征,而特定气候也不同程度地反馈于生态过程,产生不同的生态效果,这些问题的本质就是生态气象耦合关系问题.生态气象就是在生态学及气象学交叉与融合的背景下产生的新学科,并结合相关学科及遥感等信息技术,极大地丰富了学科内涵.未来生态气象监测评估及预警将全面展开,生态科学研究与气象业务服务也将紧密融合,生态气象评估方法趋于规范化与标准化,"互联网+"理念将促进"生态物联网"与生态气象的不断创新与发展.本研究对于美丽中国及生态文明建设（ECC）具有重要现实意义.     

Regional Features and Seasonality of Land–Atmosphere Coupling over Eastern China

Land-atmosphere coupling is a key process of the climate system, and various coupling mechanisms have been proposed before based on observational and numerical analyses. The impact of soil moisture(SM) on evapotranspiration(ET) and further surface temperature(ST) is an important aspect of such coupling. Using ERA-Interim data and CLM4.0 offline simulation results, this study further explores the relationships between SM/ST and ET to better understand the complex nature of the land-atmosphere coupling(i.e., spatial and seasonal variations) in eastern China, a typical monsoon area. It is found that two diagnostics of land-atmosphere coupling(i.e., SM-ET correlation and ST-ET correlation) are highly dependent on the climatology of SM and ST. By combining the SM-ET and ST-ET relationships, two "hot spots" of land-atmosphere coupling over eastern China are identified: Southwest China and North China. In Southwest China, ST is relatively high throughout the year, but SM is lowest in spring, resulting in a strong coupling in spring. However, in North China, SM is relatively low throughout the year, but ST is highest in summer, which leads to the strongest coupling in summer. Our results emphasize the dependence of land-atmosphere coupling on the seasonal evolution of climatic conditions and have implications for future studies related to land surface feedbacks.     

Farmland function evolution in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain: Processes,patterns and mechanisms

Using counties as the basic analysis unit, this study established an evaluation index system for farmland function (FF) from economic, social, and ecological perspectives. The method combining entropy weighting and multiple correlation coefficient weighting was adopted to determine the weights, and the FF indices were calculated for each county. Subsequently, the spatio-temporal characteristics of farmland function evolution (FFE) were analyzed and the coupled relationships between the sub-functions were explored based on a coupling coordination model. At the same time, the dynamic mechanism of FFE was quantitatively analyzed using a spatial econometric regression analysis method. The following major conclusions were drawn: (1) The farmland economic function generally exhibited a declining trend during 1990–2010, and it is essential to point out that it was stronger in underdeveloped and agriculture-dominated counties, while it continuously weakened in developed areas. Farmland social function decreased in 60.29% of the counties, whereas some counties, which were mostly located in north of Zhengzhou and west of Dezhou and Cangzhou, Yantai, and Weihai, clearly increased. A dramatic decline in farmland ecological function occurred around Beijing, Tianjin, and Jinan. Areas located in the northern part of Henan Province and the central part of Shandong Province saw an increase in ecological function. (2) There was a significant spatial difference in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the sub-functions, and the decoupling phenomenon highlighted this. The changes in social function and ecological function lagged behind economic function in developed areas, but these were highly coupled in some underdeveloped areas. (3) FFE in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) is resulted from the comprehensive effects of regional basic conditions and external driving factors. Furthermore, the transitions of population and industry under urbanization and industrialization played a decisive role in the evolution intensity and direction of farmland sub-systems, including the economy, society, and the ecology. According to the results mentioned above, promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture should be regarded as an important engine driving sustainable development in the HHHP. Taking different regional characteristics of FFE into account, differentiated and diversified farmland use and management plans should be implemented from more developed urban areas to underdeveloped traditional agricultural areas.     

“交通—产业”耦合背景下的京津冀城市群空间发育特征

中国城市群从区域向空间网络的转变,成为城乡统筹发展功能的主体地域单元。基于“交通—产业”的耦合视角,以京津冀城市群为研究区域,选取北京、天津、石家庄、唐山作为城市群发育的辐射中心,结合空间网络分析、引力模型、多层次空间结构MSS-Tree算法,测度识别京津冀城市群空间结构及现状发育范围。结果发现：①京津冀城市群还不成熟,辐射中心周边的辐射发育区“岛、洞”现象明显,表现为连片分布的大城市阴影区;其中北京市周边缺乏成熟副中心,天津市受到北京极化作用影响,辐射区大幅萎缩;石家庄、唐山辐射区发育不足,需首先加强自身经济建设;②交通、产业辐射发育范围重合度较低,交通的先导作用加速了中小城镇生产要素流失,形成环京津贫困带。据此提出了自下而上整合、由内向外扩展的地区发展策略建议。     

东北地区“五化”协调发展的格局演变及影响机制

“五化协调”是经济新常态背景下,国家现代化建设的必然选择。利用多指标综合指数法、耦合协调度模型、个体效应与时点效应模型,从新型工业化、信息化、新型城镇化、农业现代化、绿色化角度选取指标（以下简称“五化”）,构建“五化”协调发展评价指标体系,探究东北振兴前后20年间（1993-2013年）东北地区40个地市单元“五化”协调发展变化情况。结果表明：东北地区“五化”协调发展水平较低,仍处于失调阶段,但增长趋势显著,具有明显的时间阶段性与区域差异性。时间上可划分为1993-2002年波动期、2003-2008年增长期、2009-2013年平稳期三个阶段。区域上可划分沿哈大线形成的轻度失调区,黑龙江中部与西部、吉林西部、辽宁大部为主的中度失调区,黑龙江西北部、东部与蒙东地区为主的严重失调区三个类型。“五化”协调内部各子系统空间表现各异,分异程度依次为：农业现代化>信息化>绿色化>新型城镇化>新型工业化。从影响机制来看,教育投入、技术投入、农业投入对“五化”协调发展产生正向影响;工业水平、开发程度对“五化”协调发展产生负相影响,开放程度、资本投入、治理投入未对协调造成明显影响。