Wisconsinan Late-glacial environmental change in southern New England: A regional synthesis

A synthesis of vegetational and climatic history during the Wisconsinan Late-glacial (13-9 ka BP) is presented for the southern New England region. The interpretations are based on a number of pollen-stratigraphical investigations supported by plant macrofossil data. Chronology is based partly on AMS dates of plant macrofossils. Reference is made briefly to the controversial nature of the evidence for deglaciation in the region. A curve representing mean July temperature changes in the region during the period 13-9 ka BP is provided.     

A Late Weichselian stable isotope stratigraphy compared with biostratigraphical data: A case study from southern Sweden

Late Weichselian lake sediments from a site in southern Sweden, were analysed for stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as plant macrofossils and insect remains. By comparison of independent data sets, general climatic changes were demonstrated. Lithological, chemical and stable isotope data reveal two significant climatic oscillations at ca. 12 200–12 000 and ca. 11 000–10 200 yr BP respectively. Continental climatic conditions, indicated by evaporative enrichment of ¹⁸O in lake marl, characterise parts of the early lake history, including the Older Dryas Stadial. Distinct variations of δ¹³C in organic material is discussed in terms of climatically induced changes in lake-water chemistry. Different types of photosynthetic assimilation of dissolved inorganic carbon is proposed as a contributing factor influencing lake marl δ¹³C. The universal application of a positive correlation between lake marl δ¹⁸O and mean annual air temperature is questioned. Quantifications of mean summer and winter temperatures based on beetle analysis show a climatic optimum around 12 000 yr BP, a marked cooling around 11 000 yr BP and a strong amelioration at ca. 10 200 yr BP. These climatic events were accompanied by distinct changes in aquatic vegetation. Plant macrofossil and insect analyses indicate an open vegetation during the entire period studied. Biostratigraphical data reflecting local limnic and terrestrial vegetation and regional climate facilitate the interpretation of stable isotope data.     

毛乌素沙地固沙造林针叶树种选择的研究

选择樟子松、油松等五种针叶树种在毛乌素沙地进行栽植试验,通过对成活率与保存率、生长量、蓄积量、抗逆性等14年的观测,从单项及多指标综合选优及排序,确立樟子松为毛乌素沙地针叶树造林的优选树种。     

Modelling the long-term distribution of significant wave height with the Beta and Gamma models

The paper suggests modelling the long-term distribution of significant wave height with the Gamma, Beta of the first and second kind models. The three models are interrelated, flexible and cover the three different tail types of Extreme Value Theory. They can be used simultaneously as a means of assessing the uncertainty effects that result from choosing equally plausible models with different tail types. This procedure is intended for those applications that require the long-term distribution of significant wave height as input rather than the prediction of extreme values. The models are fitted to some significant wave data as an illustration. Details about maximum likelihood estimation are given in A.     

岭澳核电站厂址转移和定位

在广东第二核电站确定在深圳市岭澳地区建设后, 广东省电力设计研究院进一步分析了岭澳地区内各候选地点的特点, 果断地提出厂址由原先推荐的岭澳东移至岭澳西, 并据此完成了项目的可行性研究。实践证明： 厂址转移工作是成功的, 将带来巨大的社会效益。特大型工矿企业的定位是基本建设中的一项战略部署, 本文以岭澳核电站为例, 就厂址转移的原因、工作思路及工作过程作了具体的论述     

台风过境期间辽河口滨海湿地水动力特征的数值模拟研究

本研究基于FVCOM环流模型,耦合ECMWF背景风场和Jelesnianski台风经验模型形成合成风场,对9711台风“温妮”过境辽河口区域的水动力进行模拟研究。模型通过在动量方程、湍流方程中加入附加源项来表达盐沼植被对水动力的阻碍作用。使用研究区域实测的潮位、流速、流向等数据对水动力模型进行验证,模拟结果与实测数据吻合较好。结果表明：潮滩盐沼植被对台风过境期间的潮位变化无明显影响,但对流速具有显著的衰减作用,且芦苇对潮流的衰减作用大于盐地碱蓬植被,芦苇区的速度最大衰减率达81.43%。此外,台风路径变化对辽河口湿地海域的增减水及流速影响较大,台风强度越强,局部区域造成的风暴潮增水和流速也相应越大。     

中亚热带植物排放甲烷研究初报

甲烷(CH4)是大气中第二大温室气体,近年有研究发现在有氧条件下陆生植物也能排放CH4.本研究对中亚热带51种树木离体叶片在有氧环境下进行室内培养,发现21种植物能排放CH4,CH4排放速率范围为0.11～1.37 ngCH4.g-1 DW.h-1,平均排放速率为0.59ngCH4.g-1DW.h-1.植物是否排放CH4及其排放速率与观测条件密切相关.观测的51种植物中包括40种乔木树种和11种灌木树种,分别有15种和6种植物可排放CH4,CH4平均排放速率分别为0.69 CH4.g-1DW.h-1和0.30 ngCH4.g-1DW.h-1,且乔木和灌木之间存在极显著差异(P<0.05).     

轻度沙埋对典型荒漠植物的影响北大核心CSCD

中国西北干旱区以荒漠生态系统为主体,是中国典型脆弱生态系统。沙埋对该区域植物生存和生长、植被分布和组成以及荒漠生态系统功能和结构有重要影响。以典型荒漠植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)为研究对象,对比研究了轻度沙埋和非沙埋植物在生理和生长方面的差异,并从土壤盐分、土壤水分、土壤温度等方面探究了造成这种差异的原因。结果表明:轻度沙埋环境下,梭梭、柽柳、白刺、沙拐枣的光合速率普遍高于非沙埋植株,蒸腾速率显著低于非沙埋植株,水分利用效率也均高于非沙埋植株。轻度沙埋梭梭、柽柳、沙拐枣、白刺株高明显低于非沙埋植株,但地径、冠幅、叶面积指数普遍高于非沙埋植株。主要原因是轻度沙埋植物下方土壤黏粒含量、土壤湿度高于非沙埋植物下方,轻度沙埋植物下方土壤温度、含盐量低于非沙埋环境。     

露天煤矿周围的四种植被重金属富集和转移特征分析

采用野外调查和室内化学分析相结合的方法,对新疆准东露天煤矿周围常见的假木贼（Anabasis aphylla）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、琵琶柴（Reaumuria songoonica）、蛇麻黄（Ephedradistachya）等四种植物对重金属的吸收、富集能力和来源进行了分析。结果表明：植物体内重金属含量大小来看,Zn、Cu、Cr含量较大,Pb、As和Hg含量较少。假木贼根部的Cr含量以及四种植被体内Hg含量均超过了植被生长的正常范围。从植物与相应土壤中的重金属相关性来看,假木贼,琵琶柴体内Zn、Cu元素,琵琶柴体内Zn、Hg、As元素,梭梭体内的Zn、Cu、As元素与相应土壤中的重金属含量相关性较好,植物体内的重金属主要来自于土壤,交通运输,大气降尘等多种来源。植物对重金属的富集和转移能力表明,假木贼（2.89）,琵琶柴（1.14）,梭梭（1.72）对Hg有一定的富集能力,其富集能力大小顺序为假木贼>梭梭>琵琶柴,它们属于潜在的Hg富集植物。蛇麻黄对Cu具有较强富集能力。假木贼,琵琶柴和梭梭对Zn、Cr和Pb具有较好的转移能力。这三种植物对重金属均有一定的耐性,可作为矿区土壤植物修复的优选物种。