基于Android的电力规划信息系统设计与实现

智能移动终端的飞速发展为电力规划信息在移动平台的展示提供了新的机遇。本文针对离线式移动GIS的特点和优势,结合电力信息系统移动客户端的建设情况,从移动GIS的架构、应用模式、数据组织方案、移动GIS关键技术及实现等方面进行了探讨建立一个基于Android的电力规划信息系统。     

新型城镇化背景下基层气象部门为农服务对策研究

就当前新型城镇化进程中,基层气象部门如何做好为农服务进行分析和讨论,并着重从加强气象为农服务的组织体系建设,提升气象为农服务的特色、能力和水平,进一步增强农村气象灾害的防御能力,促进气象为农服务的保障机制建设等方面进行论述,提出了相应的对策及建议.将气象为农服务“两个体系”建设和“均等化”、“一体化”的公共气象服务与新型城镇化有机结合、共同推进,是基层气象部门当前及今后为农服务的重要任务.     

Governance strengths and weaknesses to implement the marine strategy framework directive in European waters

The ambitious Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has been the focus of much marine research across Europe in the pursuit of achieving Good Environmental Status in the four European Union marine regions; Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic. This research addresses the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the current European marine governance structures and its relationship to implement the MSFD. Results of the SWOT analysis were acquired through a combination of approaches with MSFD experts and stakeholders including: 30 face-to-face interviews, an online survey with 264 stakeholder respondents and focus groups within each European marine region. The SWOT analysis concurrently identifies common strengths and weakness and key governance issues for implementing the MSFD for European marine regions. This paper forms one assessment within the governance component of the Options for Delivering Ecosystem Based Marine Management (ODEMM) project and presents timely issues that can be of benefit to national and European Union policy makers.     

Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation

The urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas. Mitigation of the UHI effects via the configuration of green spaces and sustainable design of urban environments has become an issue of increasing concern under changing climate. In this paper, the effects of the composition and configuration of green space on land surface temperatures (LST) were explored using landscape metrics including percentage of landscape (PLAND), edge density (ED) and patch density (PD). An oasis city of Aksu in Northwestern China was used as a case study. The metrics were calculated by moving window method based on a green space map derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and LST data were retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band. A normalized mutual information measure was employed to investigate the relationship between LST and the spatial pattern of green space. The results showed that while the PLAND is the most important variable that elicits LST dynamics, spatial configuration of green space also has significant effect on LST. Though, the highest normalized mutual information measure was with the PLAND (0.71), it was found that the ED and PD combination is the most deterministic factors of LST than the unique effects of a single variable or the joint effects of PLAND and PD or PLAND and ED. Normalized mutual information measure estimations between LST and PLAND and ED, PLAND and PD and ED and PD were 0.7679, 0.7650 and 0.7832, respectively. A combination of the three factors PLAND, PD and ED explained much of the variance of LST with a normalized mutual information measure of 0.8694. Results from this study can expand our understanding of the relationship between LST and street trees and vegetation, and provide insights for sustainable urban planning and management under changing climate.     

宁夏地下水监测现状调查及对策

[目的]针对地下水监测存在问题,提出改进地下水监测工作的对策和建议。[方法]调查地下水监测历史沿革及现状,理出存在主要问题,研究应对策略。[结果]宁夏地下水监测范围小,监测层位浅,监测井标准低老化严重,井网布局和监测项目与面临任务不适应,难以满足地下水管理与开发保护要求,亟需完善地下水监测井网。[结论]做好宁夏地下水监测站网总体规划,建立稳定资金投入机制,加强与国土部门合作,逐年完善地下水监测站网,是做好地下水监测工作主要举措。     

对地勘单位设备管理的思考

设备管理是对设备寿命周期全过程的管理.地勘单位的设备管理,是保证地勘生产的物质基础,是进行现代地勘科研的物质技术手段,它对于地勘单位提高工作效率,确保工作质量,降低工作成本,获取最大经济利益等具有重大意义.     

遥感技术及在城市国土规划中的应用

遥感技术是获取城市空间信息的现代化手段。遥感测绘技术在大比例尺数字化制图、辅助城市规划设计、专题信息调查等方面,可为城市规划和国土资源管理提供重要支持。     

基于生态系统的海洋管理理论与实践

海洋孕育了丰富的生态系统服务功能,包括为人类提供多种海产食物、净化海洋环境和提供宜人景观及发展空间等。随着工程科技水平的提高,人类对海洋资源和空间的开发利用越来越多、越来越快,对海洋生态系统的影响也越来越大,这一问题在我国尤为突出。近20年来一些发达国家通过推行基于生态系统的海洋管理(MEBM),在海洋生态系统的框架下规范和管理开发活动,特别是在解决区域性海洋管理问题方面取得了一定成效,值得我们借鉴。概述了海洋生态系统及其服务功能,回顾了海洋开发中存在的问题以及MEBM的发展历程,系统阐述了MEBM的原则和措施,剖析了国内外MEBM的成功案例,探讨了在中国实施MEBM的必要性和前提条件。近年来,我国依据海洋功能区划来管理海洋开发已取得一定的成果。建议以此为基础,强化相关生态科学研究及相应技术和法规支撑,从而为我国海洋经济可持续发展提供保障。     

苏州城市规划区地下空间开发适宜性评价

结合苏州城市规划区的地质环境特点,选取地形地貌、建筑场地类别、不良岩土体、水文条件、地质灾害等5个方面13个因子作为地下空间资源开发适宜性评价指标,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标因子的权重,采用多目标线性加权函数建立评价数学模型,利用GIS叠加生成适宜性评价图。结果表明:西部基岩山区地质环境条件较好,适宜地下空间开发,东部平原区水系发育,软土层较厚,水文条件复杂,地下空间开发适宜性相对较差。     

陆海统筹视域下国土空间多维冲突识别与分区调控——以莱州市为例

充分识别陆海空间冲突并制定科学规划是实现陆海统筹的关键。基于陆海空间利用现状与规划,构建陆海空间冲突的理论分析框架,采用冲突识别矩阵、邻域冲突测度模型和社会网络分析等方法,以山东省莱州市为案例区,1 km格网为研究单元,分别从陆地对海洋、海洋对陆地2个方向定量识别陆海空间的现状冲突和规划冲突,并结合四象限模型对冲突进行分区。主要研究结果如下：① 从冲突范围与强度来看,莱州市陆地利用与规划越过海岸线的范围更大,陆海交互冲突范围将持续增加,陆海统筹应重视空间复合利用与跨系统交互影响。② 从冲突的类型来看,现状冲突中陆地的水域与湿地以及海洋的渔业用海等利用方式对海陆系统产生的影响较大;而在规划冲突中,陆地的一般农地区和其他用地区,海洋的农渔业区和港口航运区4类功能分区跨系统产生的影响较大。③ 现状与规划的耦合分区结果显示,相对独立的陆海空间规划对于控制和缓解空间冲突具有一定效果,然而陆海空间统筹利用与管理迫在眉睫,应结合系统观点根据不同分区特点进行优化。