质地对土壤热扩散率的影响

土壤热性质的研究是分析地表能量平衡的重要途径之一,土壤热扩散率是表征土壤热性质的重要参数。根据非稳态一维热传导方程的差分解计算了不同质地土壤的热扩散率。结果表明,风干土热扩散率小于1.4×10-3 cm2·s-1,并随着时间的推移逐渐减小;土壤质地越轻土墒条件越好热量传输速度越慢。     

黄土动力特性试验及深厚黄土地基上土石坝抗震分析研究

对某深厚黄土地基上土石坝的坝基黄土和筑坝黄土进行动三轴和共振柱等动力试验,求得其动强度、动应力-应变关系,以及用于计算动孔压的动孔压特性曲线及其他动参数。在静力分析的基础上对大坝连同地基进行了三维有效应力动力分析。计算表明,Ⅶ度地震下黄土坝基会出现液化,危及大坝安全。为此,建议了距上下游坝脚一定范围内对坝基进行填土压重的经济便利的大坝抗震措施,并对填土压重的抗液化效果进行了优化分析,最终得到经济合理的填土压重范围和压重厚度。     

固结压力相关的黏土动力特性模型研究及应用

对一种粉质黏土进行了不同固结压力下的循环单剪试验,得到了相应各固结压力下的动剪模量和阻尼比随动剪应变幅值非线性变化的 曲线和 曲线,并对其进行了归一化。试验结果表明,即使是归一化以后的动力特性曲线,仍然因固结压力不同而出现差异;固结压力越大, 曲线衰减越慢,而 曲线增加也越缓。通过建立最大动剪模量、最大阻尼比和参考剪应变与固结压力之间的试验关系式,建议了一种实用的固结压力相关的黏土动力特性模型。最后,通过算例表明,场地土体动力特性随固结压力而变化的特征不但会影响场地地震反应的幅值,而且将影响其频谱特性,且场地覆盖层厚度越大,影响越强烈。     

Changes in soil physical and chemical properties during reversal of desertification in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui autonomous region,China

Using field surveys and laboratory analysis, soil physical and chemical properties were studied at a site exhibiting the reversal of desertification in Yanchi County of China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The dominant soil particle size changed from coarse-fine sand to a combination of very fine sand and silt + clay, and corresponding levels of each soil nutrient increased. The content of coarse-fine sand (2–0.1 mm) was significantly and negatively correlated with soil nutrient contents, whereas nutrient contents were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) and silt + clay (<0.05 mm). The increasingly fine soil texture and the nutrient enrichment both facilitated rehabilitation of desertified land. The silt + clay content contributed the most to the increasing soil nutrient contents, and thus appears to be the key factor in reversal of desertification. Soil nutrient concentrations in the bulk soil increased with increasing content of soil nutrients with different particle fractions, and there were significant positive correlations between them. The nutrients in all particle size classes jointly decided the effect of soil nutrient contents on the reversal process. Principal-components analysis (PCA) revealed that the soil quality tended to increase during the reversal process, and that nutrient factors were more significant than particle size (i.e., were the dominant factor that influenced soil quality). Available nutrients and soil organic matter (SOM) were the most important nutrient factors. Silt + clay were the most important particle factors.     

川中广安构造须家河组储层研究

根据广安构造须家河组钻测井及化学分析资料的研究,探讨了储层发育的控制因素。研究表明,广安构造须家河组储集岩以细～中粒岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,储渗空间主要为残余粒间孔和粒内溶孔,物性较差,多属于孔隙型储层,裂缝—孔隙型较少。储层在纵向上主要发育于须六段下亚段中上部,须四段主要分布在中下部;平面上须六段储层主要集中在广安构造北翼101井区附近,须四段主要发育在广安构造西北翼106井区附近。储层特征主要受沉积、成岩和构造作用的共同控制。     

Field observations of the June 30, 2001 debris flow at Acquabona (Dolomites, Italy)

On June 30, 2001, a debris flow occurred in the Acquabona Creek, a small catchment of the Eastern Dolomites, Italy. This debris flow originated shortly after an intense rainstorm, characterised by a peak intensity of 8.6 mm per 10 min; it transported a total volume of 30,000 m³, consisting of poorly sorted gravely sand with boulders up to 3 m in diameter. The sediment erosion yield rate reached as high as 20 m³/m. In order to verify the accuracy of the field measurements, the total volume of debris deposits have was calculated using three different topographic measurement techniques: 3D laser scanning, terrestrial stereo-photogrammetry survey and total topographic station survey. Data collected so far show that no debris flow has occurred at Acquabona with a rainfall intensity lower than 4.6 mm per 10 min. Channel cross section measurements indicate that debris flow velocity ranges from 2.0 to 7.2 m/s along the lower flow channel and peak discharge ranges between 22 and 300 m³/s. Field estimates of the rheological properties indicate a yield strength ranging from 2,088 to 5,313 Pa and Bingham viscosity between 70 and 337 Pa · s. It is not still possible to identify a rainfall intensity and amount threshold for debris flow triggering, but the data so far collected emphasise that debris flows do not occur with a rainfall intensity lower than 4.6 mm per 10 min.     

离心分层距离法——一种定量表征聚合物液体中矿物填料沉降性能的方法

研究聚合物等高粘度液体中矿物填料的沉降性能,可以为新型绝缘灌注胶以及矿物材料研究与应用提供科学依据,根据斯托克斯公式和离心沉降速度公式以及高速旋转离心实验特点,时自然沉降时间计算公式进行推导.并根据绝缘灌注胶特点以及不同粒度微晶白云母在环氧树脂中高速离心沉降实验,总结出一种能够对聚合物等高粘度液体中矿物填料的沉降性能进行快速定量表征的离心分层距离法;实验结果表明:微晶白云母在E-51环氧树脂中的沉降速度和分层比例都分别与其粒度大小呈正比关系,1 000目完全沉降(分层比例100%)需要7 068.7 d,其自然沉降速度为0.7×10-7mm·s-1,若要保持3个月内不发生明显的分层现象,应当采用1 000目或更细小的粒度.     

阿根廷西北部沉积型铁矿地质特征

阿根廷境内的安第斯山脉及与智利和玻利维亚交界的西北部地区,沉积型铁矿广泛分布,具有寻找世界级矿床的潜力。着重介绍了此类矿床的地质特征,并简要分析了其成矿远景。     

金沙江中游上江坝址河床深厚覆盖层建高坝可行性探讨

摘 要 上江坝址为金沙江中游龙头水库的比选坝址之一,坝址河床覆盖层最厚达206.2 m,在深厚覆盖层上修建最低249 m级的高土石坝,大坝规模达到甚至超过世界前沿水平,筑坝技术难度大。通过测绘、钻探、物探、物理力学测试等工作揭示:(1)河床覆盖层由漂卵石、低液限粘土、砾卵石、碎块石、砂砾石等组成;(2)河床覆盖层中各粗粒土强度相对较高,低液限粘土强度较低,为坝基一条连续完整的相对软弱带;(3)坝址位于龙蟠断陷盆地内,主要受新构造垂直差异运动的影响,河床接受金沙江上游及坡体上物质堆积,逐渐形成了现今的深厚覆盖层。初步研究本坝址在河床覆盖层上建高土石坝是可行的,但需要对坝基采取工程处理措施。探讨了不同建坝方案所引发的工程地质问题,为筑坝技术研究提供了地质依据。     

测井信息用于层序地层单元划分及对比研究综述

测井曲线是载有地层沉积旋回信息的信号,运用测井信息划分层序地层单元及地层对比研究自开始以来已取得了长足进步,从定性的分析、识别发展到现在可半定量、定量提取不同级别的沉积单元界面及进行层序地层对比,更进一步克服了地质学家手工划分层序中人为因素的影响,进而也推进了层序地层学研究的定量化发展。岩性突变、沉积韵律是影响其测井响应及曲线形态的两个重要因素,测井响应对沉积单元界面上下岩性的类型及粒度的不同而产生的声、放、电性质的变化,是利用测井信息划分沉积单元界面的基础。随着层序地层学研究的深入,沉积单元界面识别及层序地层对比的测井研究将向更深层次、更定量化的方向发展,短周期及超短周期沉积旋回的测井曲线形态内部特征提取及划分、层序地层智能动态匹配对比的方法研究将是今后开展研究的新方向。