利用地球物理信息描述太古宇潜山有效储集体

基于新采集处理的高精度叠前深度偏移资料,综合地震、地质、油藏信息细化描述潜山内幕构造,有效提高潜山界面和内幕断层解析的精度和可靠性。东胜堡潜山形态表现为北西南东向展布的背斜特征,发育北东向、北西向、近东西向三组断层,其中北东向断层为主干断层,断层间切割关系比较合理。依据变质岩潜山多种类型岩性的测井响应差异和微观储集空间特征,综合3700系列测井资料定性识别6大类岩性,建立优势岩性和有利储层测井识别综合图版,进一步完善太古宇变质岩孔隙-裂缝型储层测井评价技术。通过有机结合井眼的"硬数据"与地震的"软数据",从骨架岩石特征、储层流体等方面分析影响内幕反射特征的关键因素,针对性提取38种井旁地震属性,解析地震反射特征,寻找岩性-裂缝-地震反射-产能之间的匹配关系,优选能量属性,实现内幕有利储集体预测。结果表明,有利储集体发育具有一定的分段性,在潜山顶面以下50~300 m范围内最为发育,局部表现出不规则透镜体状,是东胜堡潜山油藏开发的有利潜力区。     

半干旱半湿润地区土壤盐分平衡情势评价方法及应用

了解土壤盐分平衡情势对于预警土壤盐渍化和指导农业生态环境调控具有实际意义。从地下水、气候、土壤理化性质和土壤初始盐源状况四方面考虑,构建了半干旱半湿润地区土壤盐分平衡情势的评价指标体系;采用综合指数法,以环渤海低平原区为典型区进行了评价应用。评价结果表明：环渤海低平原区土壤盐分平衡情势“良”级区分布面积占总面积的0.8%,“中”级区26.8%,“差”级区58.9%,“劣”级区13.5%,总体维持土壤盐分平衡的能力较弱。通过效验,评级结果与实际情况基本吻合,证明了评价方法的适用性。     

腾格里沙漠南缘植被恢复过程中土壤理化性状的变化

土壤有机碳是土壤质量的关键指标,也是评估陆地生态系统碳库对大气CO2源、汇效应转变的基础。本文分析了腾格里沙漠南缘植被恢复过程中土壤物理性质、有机碳含量及其组分特征。结果表明:在围封后,土壤容重随着植被恢复年限的延长呈指数级减小,孔隙度、黏粒含量和田间持水量则表现出随年限延长而显著增大的趋势;土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、轻组有机碳和重组有机碳含量随着围封抚育年限的延长而显著增加,轻组有机碳占总有机碳的比例随植被恢复年限的延长而增大,而重组碳所占比例则随时间变化显著下降。土壤有机碳与容重呈显著负相关,而与其他参数呈显著正相关,说明其变化受多种因素影响,且对土壤物理性质的变化有重要意义。     

藓类结皮斑块面积与环境因子的关系

古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮占该沙漠总面积的30%左右,苔藓结皮是其中的优势者,在防风固沙、捕获隐匿降水和水土保持方面发挥着重要的生态作用。自然状态下,该沙漠苔藓结皮多以镶嵌式或纯群状斑块分布,本文从斑块尺度出发,以斑块面积为指标,分析了该沙漠藓类结皮斑块的分布格局和特征。结果表明:（1）在调查的7 372个藓类结皮斑块中,有6 930个斑块的面积在100 cm2以内,占总斑块数目的94%,面积在100 cm2以上的斑块约为442个,占总斑块数的6%。（2）本研究共调查了143 223 cm2苔藓结皮,其中100 cm2以下的小斑块面积约为57 289 cm2,占总调查面积的40%;其次是大小在100~200 cm2的斑块,面积约为32 941 cm2,占总调查面积的23%;大小在200 cm2以上的斑块面积约为50 128 cm2,占总面积的35%。面积较大的斑块主要分布在沙漠东南部,西北部藓类结皮斑块面积较小,这一变化特征与苔藓结皮在区域尺度的优势发育区一致。（3）藓类结皮斑块面积大小与粒径在0.2 mm以下的土壤含量正相关,大粒径的土壤不利于藓类结皮形成较大的斑块。（4）藓类结皮斑块面积与主要灌丛盖度呈微弱负相关,与土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、可溶性钙含量显著正相关,这与区域尺度的报道一致。     

南黄海海底沉积物声学特性及其影响因素试验研究

利用自南黄海中西部海底取回的沉积物样品,对其声学特性及其影响因素进行了试验研究,结果显示,研究区海底沉积物的压缩波速为1.359 ~1.695 km/s,剪切波速为12.5 ~70.9 m/s;颗粒较细的沉积物与较低的压缩波速、剪切波速对应,主要集中在研究区东侧水深较深处;沉积物的物理力学性质对其压缩波速、剪切波速的影响较显著,沉积物的温度和换能器的频率对上述声学两参数也具有一定的影响,而沉积物的包含物及薄夹层等影响声波传播的理论计算结果。给出了研究区海底沉积物物理力学各参数与压缩波速、剪切波速之间的回归方程,以期为国防、工程提供基础资料。     

Spatial and temporal variability of colored dissolved organic matter absorption properties in the Taiwan Strait

Spatial and temporal variability of the absorption properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Taiwan Strait was investigated in summer (July to August of 2006) and winter (from December 2006 to January of 2007) seasons. The CDOM absorption coefficient at 280 nm (a 280 ) showed a decreasing trend from nearshore to offshore areas while the spectral slope coefficient parameter calculated between wavelengths 275-295 nm (S 275 295 ) showed an increase, indicative of decreasing aromaticity and molecular weight of the CDOM. The average a 280 in winter (1.47 ± 0.50 m 1 ) was significantly higher than in summer (1.10 ± 0.41 m 1 ), while the average S 275 295 in winter (26.7 ± 5.2 μm 1 ) was significantly lower than in summer (30.6 ± 5.5 μm 1 ), demonstrating clear seasonal variation in CDOM abundance and properties in the Taiwan Strait. A three-end- member conservative mixing model showed that local terrestrial CDOM inputs from several rivers along the western coast were small (<5%). However, the distribution of CDOM in the Taiwan Strait is mainly controlled by water mass movement [i.e., the Zhe-min Coastal Current (ZCC) and the Kuroshio Branch Current (KBC) in winter and the South China Sea Water (SCSW) in summer]. Biological activity was also an important factor affecting the distribution of CDOM in the offshore region in summer months.     

高速公路透风型挡风墙不同位置防风特性的数值模拟研究

应用FLUENT软件对侧风影响下高速公路汽车运行时的气动特性进行了三维稳态数值模拟,研究了透风型挡风墙在不同位置时汽车气动侧向力系数、升力系数及倾覆力矩系数随横摆角变化的特征,并与不设挡风墙的流场特征进行了对比。结果表明,修筑透风型挡风墙能够有效地减弱侧风对小轿车的作用力;同一侧风状态下,透风型挡风墙的不同修筑位置对应不同的汽车的气动侧向力系数、升力系数及倾覆力矩系数。汽车运行速度为120 km·h-1,横摆角为31.0°或36.9°时（侧风风速为20 m·s-1和25 m·s-1）,透风型挡风墙最佳的修筑位置为距离路肩2.1 m,此时的倾覆力矩系数最小;当横摆角为42.0°或46.4°时（侧风风速为30 m·s-1和35 m·s-1）,透风型挡风墙的最佳修筑位置为距离路肩2.4 m。     

热处理对沙漠边缘土壤腐殖酸荧光性质及其与Cu(Ⅱ)络合作用的影响

通过荧光光谱法研究了80 ℃处理下沙漠边缘土壤腐殖酸荧光性质及其与Cu(Ⅱ) 络合行为的变化。热处理导致类富里酸的发射波长发生蓝移,类富里酸和类腐殖酸的荧光强度降低,它们与Cu(Ⅱ)络合的条件稳定常数（lg Ka）降低,结合常数（lg Kb）增加,腐殖酸中参与Cu(Ⅱ) 络合的荧光基团和位点数增多。研究表明,干旱区高温环境会导致腐殖酸结构及组成发生变化,从而影响Cu(Ⅱ) 在土壤中的迁移。     

Extreme sensitivity of crosshole electrical resistivity tomography measurements to geometric errors

The effects of geometric errors on crosshole resistivity data are investigated using analytical methods. Geometric errors are systematic and can occur due to uncertainties in the individual electrode positions, the vertical spacing between electrodes in the same borehole, or the vertical offset between electrodes in opposite boreholes. An estimate of the sensitivity to geometric error is calculated for each of two generic types of four-electrode crosshole configuration: current flow and potential difference crosshole (XH) and in-hole (IH). It is found that XH configurations are not particularly sensitive to geometric error unless the boreholes are closely spaced on the scale of the vertical separation of the current and potential electrodes. However, extremely sensitive IH configurations are shown to exist for any borehole separation. Therefore, it is recommended that XH configurations be used in preference to IH schemes. The effects of geometric error are demonstrated using real XH data from a closely spaced line of boreholes designed to monitor bioremediation of chlorinated solvents at an industrial site. A small fraction of the data had physically unrealistic apparent resistivities, which were either negative or unexpectedly large. However by filtering out configurations with high sensitivities to geometric error, all of the suspect data were removed. This filtering also significantly improved the convergence between the predicted and the measured resistivities when the data were inverted. In addition to systematic geometric errors, the measured data also exhibit a high level of random noise. Despite this, the resulting inverted images correspond reasonably closely with the known geology and nearby cone penetrometer resistivity profiles.