基于时间序列统计特性的森林变化监测

森林动态变化分析对揭示生态系统环境变化及植被恢复和布局重建等具有重要意义,时间序列的遥感数据为森林监测提供了基础数据。本文根据森林植被的统计学特性,在暗目标法的基础上,利用归一化植被指数NDVI实现森林样本自动选择;并融合NDVI构建了新的综合森林特征指数(Integrated Forest Z-Score,IFZ);以时间序列的IFZ分析森林动态信息,实现森林变化动态监测。以三峡大坝及周边区域森林为研究区,利用2001年至2012年每年生长季节(5月—10月)的Landsat TM影像检验本文算法。基于2002年、2006年和2010年三期7月—9月的Quick Bird影像的精度分析结果发现:研究区森林变化检测的总体精度可达96.53%,Kappa系数为0.9512。在添加NDVI指数后构建的IFZ提高了总体监测精度。其中,毁林类别的检测精度提高显著,漏检率和误检率分别为2.74%和3.64%;干扰后重建的森林类别的检测精度有一定提高,其漏检率和误检率分别为10.79%和10.51%。研究结果表明,改进暗目标法能提高森林样本的选样效率,添加NDVI的IFZ能提高森林动态变化的识别度。此外,本算法不仅能定性识别森林变化,而且能定量提供森林干扰发生时间和干扰强度。     

利用IDL与VC++联合构建森林叶面积指数反演系统

以CHRIS多角度数据为数据源,采用IDL语言,运用控件和类技术实现系统框架,设计模型对象管理器组织模型对象,设计数据的各项处理技术,完成叶面积指数(LAI)物理模型的参数反演与经验模型反演技术,实现近真实森林三维场景的显示。结果表明,利用IDL处理多角度遥感数据是一种可行的技术方案,并实现森林叶面积指数信息自动化提取与浏览。     

房屋物理模型在三维地籍中的表达

公寓是地籍系统中最具代表性并应以3D形式登记的不动产单元,其建筑结构及空间形态影响着各单元在三维地籍注册中所占据的空间,将房屋几何信息引入地籍系统可实现法定空间的准确表达。本文以ISO/TC 211土地管理域模型LADM为模板,基于地籍管理中"法定空间-物理结构"理论,将房屋物理模型引入LADM,以房屋或建筑物物理实体模型或几何信息为空间参照,在三维地籍系统中实现公寓单元"法定空间"的准确表达与登记。     

浅谈涉密测绘成果管理

随着全国二次土地调查工作的全面开展,基础测绘工作出现了飞跃式的发展,这就对基础测绘成果的管理和应用提出了更高、更新的要求。结合多年基层基础测绘成果管理经验,对涉密测绘成果的管理及使用上提出了一些建议。     

北京市基础地理信息DLG数据库物理无缝数据层的更新方法探讨

针对北京市基础地理信息DLG数据库物理无缝数据层的更新方案进行了探讨,并介绍了具体更新流程设计及相应的更新编辑实施方法,旨在建立一种高效可行的物理无缝数据更新机制,以减少对不同比例尺每一版更新数据的重复拼接整合工作。     

What about people in pedestrian navigation?

Pedestrian navigation has become an important theoretical and practical research topic in many disciplines such as cartography, geographical information science, global and indoor positioning, spatial behavior, psychology, sociology, and neuroscience. Many research studies view pedestrian navigation using process-oriented and goal-directed approaches. However, this paper revisits people’s needs in pedestrian navigation and classifies their needs as three layers: physical sense layer, physiological safety layer, and mental satisfaction layer according to Maslow’s theory. This paper introduces a people-centric framework for pedestrian navigation theory based on these three layers and discusses theoretical challenges for meeting each layer of people’s needs. These challenging theories may represent promising and valuable research and promote usage of pedestrian navigation systems or devices in the future.     

基于PROSPECT＋SAIL模型的遥感叶面积指数反演

以PROSPECT+SAIL模型为基础，从物理机理角度反演植被叶面积指数(LAI)。首先，通过FLAASH模型进行大气校正，使得图像像元值表达植被冠层反射率； 然后，根据LOPEX 93数据库和JHU光谱数据库选择植物生化参数和光谱数据，以PROSPECT模型模拟出的植物叶片反射率和透射率作为SAIL模型的输入参数，得到植被冠层反射率，将结果与遥感影像的植被冠层反射率对应，回归出植被LAI； 最后，以地面实测数据对遥感反演数据进行验证，并分析了误差的可能来源。     

跨图幅要素物理无缝拼接关键技术研究及软件实现

以计算机技术代替手工劳动实现跨图幅要素物理无缝拼接的自动化为目标。通过分析图幅与要素之间的关系,将图幅编号与要素的相关属性结合,在此基础上,实现跨图幅要素的自动搜索,最终做到将跨图幅的要素自动拼接在一起。开发的软件,实现了跨图幅要素拼接的自动化目标,并用于生产。实践表明,该技术的研究和软件的实现能够成倍地提高生产效率、确保数据质量,具有实用价值。     

Determination of the factors governing soil erodibility using hyperspectral visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Soil erodibility, which is difficult to estimate and upscaling, was determined in this study using multiple spectral models of soil properties (soil organic matter (SOM), water-stable aggregates (WSA) > 0.25 mm, the geometric mean radius (D_g)). Herein, the soil erodibility indicators were calculated, and soil properties were quantitatively analyzed based on laboratory simulation experiments involving two selected contrasting soils. In addition, continuous wavelet transformation was applied to the reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm) of 65 soil samples from the study area. To build the relationship, the soil properties that control erodibility were identified prior to the spectral analysis. In this study, the SOM, D_g and WSA >0.25 mm were selected to represent the most significant soil properties controlling erodibility and describe the erodibility indicator based on a logarithmic regression model as a function of SOM or WSA > 0.25 mm. Five, six and three wavelet features were observed to calibrate the estimated soil properties model, and the best performance was obtained with a combination feature regression model for SOM (R² = 0.86, p < 0.01), D_g (R² = 0.79, p < 0.01) and WSA >0.25 mm (R² = 0.61, p < 0.01), respectively. One part of the wavelet features captured amplitude variations in the broad shape of the reflectance spectra, and another part captured variations in the shape and depth of the soil dry substances. The wavelet features for the validated dataset used to predict the SOM, WSA >0.25 mm and D_g were not significantly different compared with the calibrated dataset. The synthesized spectral models of soil properties, and the formation of a new equation for soil erodibility transformed from the spectral models of soil properties are presented in this study. These results show that a spectral analytical approach can be applied to complex datasets and provide new insights into emerging dynamic variation with erodibility estimation.     

Re-parameterization of a quasi-analytical algorithm for colored dissolved organic matter dominant inland waters

Quasi-Analytical Algorithms (QAAs) are based on radiative transfer equations and have been used to derive inherent optical properties (IOPs) from the above surface remote sensing reflectance (R_rs) in aquatic systems in which phytoplankton is the dominant optically active constituents (OACs). However, Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and Non Algal Particles (NAP) can also be dominant OACs in water bodies and till now a QAA has not been parametrized for these aquatic systems. In this study, we compared the performance of three widely used QAAs in two CDOM dominated aquatic systems which were unsuccessful in retrieving the spectral shape of IOPS and produced minimum errors of 350% for the total absorption coefficient (a), 39% for colored dissolved matter absorption coefficient (a_CDM) and 7566.33% for phytoplankton absorption coefficient (a_phy). We re-parameterized a QAA for CDOM dominated (hereafter QAA_CDOM) waters which was able to not only achieve the spectral shape of the OACs absorption coefficients but also brought the error magnitude to a reasonable level. The average errors found for the 400–750 nm range were 30.71 and 14.51 for a, 14.89 and 8.95 for a_CDM and 25.90 and 29.76 for a_phy in Funil and Itumbiara Reservoirs, Brazil respectively. Although QAA_CDOM showed significant promise for retrieving IOPs in CDOM dominated waters, results indicated further tuning is needed in the estimation of a(λ) and a_phy(λ). Successful retrieval of the absorption coefficients by QAA_CDOM would be very useful in monitoring the spatio-temporal variability of IOPS in CDOM dominated waters.