导水裂隙带高度研究方法概述

导水裂隙带高度的确定是水下采煤工作之重点，目前并没有一个完全可以精确确定的方法，主要的研究方法有经验公式法、物理模拟、数值模拟和现场实测。单靠其中的一种也不能确定，将几种方法相互结合则是准确得到导水裂隙带高度计算方法的重要途径。     

粉质粘土中的桩承载性能分析

应用桩静载荷试验和数学分析的方法,对粉质粘土层中的桩的承载性能进行分析研究。结果显示,粉质粘土层中的桩的侧摩阻力标准值为37.6kPa,桩的端阻力标准值可达3.34M Pa,位于粉质粘土层中的桩端阻力占桩承载力的50%±,桩为端承摩擦桩,而非纯摩擦桩,且桩的承载力较高,沉降变形小,可以满足一般建筑物的荷载需求,设计时应充分挖掘该土层的潜力。     

Weathering of Valle Ricca stiff and jointed clay

The study proposes a weathering model of Pliocene–Pleistocene stiff and jointed blue-grey clay transforming into yellow clay. Physical, mineralogical, chemical and textural changes, as well as the weathering profile were investigated in a quarry of central Italy. Based on geological records and inferences, these changes are likely to have occurred within a time-span of about 50,000 years BP, upon overburden stress unloading and in a stress regime that is locally controlled by suction. Weathering propagated into the clay at a rate of about 0.3 mm/year and was enhanced by the enlargement of the pre-existing tectonic discontinuities and by the formation of new joints. A mass loss of about 22–25 wt.% was calculated. Considering Fe and P as immobile elements, the individual oxides contribute to mass loss in the following order: SiO₂ > CaO = CO₂ > Al₂O₃ > MgO > K₂O > S > Na₂O > TiO₂ > MnO. The Fe₂O₃ / (Fe₂O₃ + FeO) ratio varies from 9–29% in the blue-grey clay to 75–82% in the yellow one. Oxidation and/or dissolution of 7 Å-Fe²⁺-bearing clay minerals, mica-like minerals and calcite and parallel increase of smectite and Fe-hydroxides play a critical role in the chemical changes and explain the higher plasticity of the yellow clay with respect to the blue-grey one. The role of water during the weathering process was inferred to occur in cyclical steps: 1) seepage of meteoric water; 2) dissemination of highly oxidizing meteoric water; 3) triggering of oxidation and dissolution of minerals; 4) water evaporation; 5) partial migration of the elements contained in the aqueous solution and consequent deposition of minerals in the joints.     

Can the diffuse double layer theory describe changes in hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays?

Observations related to modifications of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soils as a consequence of intentional compositional variation of the percolating fluid are often attributed vaguely to calculated changes in double layer thickness. The same calculated decrease or increase in double layer thickness is interpreted differently, depending on which (unconsciously held) boundary conditions authors take into account. The interpretations of different authors seem to be paradoxical only if the boundary conditions have not been mentioned. On the basis of a literature survey and own previously published test results the different boundary conditions have been grouped and divided into classes. With this division the interpretation of changes in double layer thickness will lead to unique interpretations and predictions of changes in hydraulic conductivity.     

粘土水泥固化浆液在某垃圾卫生填埋场防渗帷幕注浆工程中的应用

城市垃圾卫生填埋场对防渗帷幕注浆的要求较高,单纯的水泥注浆,由于水泥颗粒较粗、水泥浆液凝固时的析水率较高、水泥固结体抗酸稳定性较差,很难满足设计对防渗的要求．采用粘土水泥固化浆液相关性能均能满足垃圾填埋场防渗帷幕的要求。在长沙市垃圾卫生填埋场中应用实践行之有效,为此类帷幕注浆工程提供了一种较好的注浆方法。     

2005年3月云南倒春寒天气的成因分析

利用2005年3月3—6日的MICAPS常规资料，对天气形势和物理量场进行了详细分析，结果表明：在这次强倒春寒天气过程中，由于孟加拉湾到中南半岛一直维持强的高压环流，高压中心在高、中、低层都达到相当的强度，致使冷空气由北向南侵入滇中后受南部高压脊阻挡未能南下，而是向西侵入滇西、滇西北。这次倒春寒天气过程虽然没有南支槽配合，但高原南侧的低槽为这次降雪降雨提供了充足的水汽；500hPa上的西北气流，为这次倒春寒带来了强的冷平流；700hPa维持在丽江、昆明、蒙自的切变线是雪雨天气持续的主要动力因子。这些工作为今后此类特殊的倒春寒天气的预报提供参考依据。     

综合物探方法在上海市防汛墙检测中的应用

上海市防汛墙的坚固与否,关系到上海市人民生命与财产的安全,而传统的钻孔取芯方法,由于具有技术与经济方面的不合理,通过物探的方法对防汛墙体进行了检测,取得了较好的应用效果。     

真空动力固结联合扩底旋喷桩在饱和软粘土地基加固中的应用研究

针对饱和软粘土的工程特性,采用了真空动力固结联合扩底旋喷桩加固饱和软粘土地基。结合江苏某软粘土地基加固工程,在探讨其加固机理的基础上,通过对加固过程的方案设计及现场试验结果的分析和讨论,表明该法能够充分发挥强夯、真空降水及旋喷注浆各自的技术优势。该法具有工期短、造价低、预沉降可控、加固效果好等优点。进一步拓宽了饱和软粘土地基的处理方法,为我国沿海地区软粘土地基处理工程提供了新的途径。     

贵州省金沙煤田龙潭组岩煤层测井对比方法

龙潭组是金沙井田的主要含煤地层，含煤达12~15层，其中7、8、9、11、12五层煤较稳定，为主要可采煤层。根据测井物性曲线与地质岩心的对比分析，总结出该组煤岩层的共有测井物性规律：低密度、中低电阻率、较高中子孔隙度和较低的纵波速度，以及其特有规律如：5、6、7、8、9煤层的低自然伽马，11、12煤层较高的自然伽马等特征。结合煤层测井曲线形态特征及其与顶、底板以及和煤层上、下标志层间组合关系，进行了全煤系地层的对比，揭示了该井田煤层的分岔、合并、冲刷、沉缺、煤层厚度等变化规律。     

凹凸棒石黏土脱色力的测试

针对凹凸棒石黏土脱色力测试过程中实验条件难统一、影响因素多而复杂、测试结果误差大、现有测试方法规定不明确等现状，结合甘肃省某地凹凸棒石黏土脱色力的测试，通过一些条件实验，提出了较为合理的测试方法。国家标准物质测试结果与标准值相符，方法精密度（RSD，n=6）小于2％。