REPRESENTATION OF SPECTRA BY CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

A general framework for manipulating spectra as functions in traditional multivariate methods such asPCA and PLS is described.The functional representation is very convenient for compression,ensuringsmoothness and continuity.There are two fundamentally different types of representations:(a)byfunctions and(b)by function coefficients.The use of coefficients is the most practical way of analysis.     

The Location of Office Space in the Metropolitan Service Economy of the United States, 1985–1990

As the economic base of most American metropolitan areas relies increasingly on services, office industries have shifted to a more pivotal role in the new metropolitan service economy. Using primary office-space usage data of the time period 1985–1990, the changing spatial patterns of this new metropolitan service economy are investigated. It is found that the primary office activities are predominantly concentrated in a relatively small number of the largest metropolitan areas. However, an emerging spatial dispersion in primary office activities is also exhibited. Such dispersion is extremely strong at the upper end of the urban hierarchy. The Sunbelt-Snowbelt dichotomy fails to reveal any differences in the growth pattern of the new metropolitan service economy. A more diversified growth pattern of primary office activities is observed. Concentrated dispersion is the major spatial characteristic of this new metropolitan service economy.     

GPS相位测量轨道改进基线定位

利用GPS载波相位观测值进行基线测定具有重要意义。本文讨论了基线测定中卫星星历误差对定位结果的影响,提出了基线上轨道改进的定位方法,编制了基线测定的定位软件,并使用高精度基线上的实际观测资料进行了计算。计算结果表明在基线上用轨道改进定位方法是可行的,可以提高定位精度。     

磁层亚暴扩展相的数值模拟

本文用多步隐格式方法,求解包含电阻的磁流体力学方程组,对磁层亚暴扩展相作数值模拟.计算结果展现了亚暴扩展相期间磁尾变化的主要特征.它表明,球向和尾向等离子体流与准稳态重联有关.等离子体团的尾向喷发,致使中性线尾侧电流片内的密度降低,等离子体片变薄.中性线近地侧的等离子体团朝着地球运动,并合并于地球附近的重联区内.     

垂直地震力作用下弹性半空间上扁壳基础的解析解

用布希涅斯克定义的弹性半空间内的垂直位移包括两项积分,除了积分号前面系数的差别之外,第一项积分是单层位势而第二项积分为双层位势。若扁壳基础是正高斯曲率的几何曲面,则壳底与半空间表面间的挤压强度就是半空间表面作用的分布垂直荷载。当越过边界时,双层势位的函数值和单层势位的法向导数值发生跳跃。利用这些性质,本文得出布希涅斯克积分的反演公式,从而避开要求解偏微分—积分方程组的巨大数学困难而易于得出解析解。以椭园抛物面扁壳为例说明本文方法的应用。     

Surface wave propagation in a transversely isotropic elastic layer overlying a liquid saturated porous solid half-space and lying under the uniform layer of liquid

Dispersion of Rayleigh-type surface wave is studied in a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic layer overlying a nondissipative liquid-saturated porous solid half-space and lying under a uniform layer of homogeneous liquid. The frequency equation in the form of ninth-order determinant is obtained.Special cases have been deduced by reducing the depth of the layers to zero and by changing the transverse isotropic layer to an isotropic layer. Dispersion curves for the phase velocity have been plotted for a particular model.     

Multivariable variogram and its application to the linear model of coregionalization

In this article, we present the multivariable variogram, which is defined in a way similar to that of the traditional variogram, by the expected value of a distance, squared, in a space withp dimensions. Combined with the linear model of coregionalization, this tool provides a way for finding the elementary variograms that characterize the different spatial scales contained in a set of data withp variables. In the case in which the number of elementary components is less than or equal to the number of variables, it is possible, by means of nonlinear regression of variograms and cross-variograms, to estimate the coregionalization parameters directly in order to obtain the elementary variables themselves, either by cokriging or by direct matrix inversion. This new tool greatly simplifies the procedure proposed by Matheron (1982) and Wackernagel (1985). The search for the elementary variograms is carried out using only one variogram (multivariable), as opposed to thep(p + 1)/2 required by the Matheron approach. Direct estimation of the linear coregionalization model parameters involves the creation of semipositive definite coregionalization matrices of rank 1.