西秦岭天水地区晚三叠世柴家庄二长花岗岩及其暗色包体地球化学——岩石成因及岩浆混合作用

晚三叠世花岗岩类在秦岭-大别造山带西端广泛分布,其成因机制及地球动力学背景的研究对于反演华北、扬子两大板块沿秦岭-大别造山带在三叠纪时期的拼合历史具有重要意义.本文选择西秦岭天水地区柴家庄晚三叠世二长花岗岩及其中的暗色包体进行精细的岩石学和地球化学研究.暗色包体中普遍发育针状磷灰石及斜长石捕掳晶,暗示岩浆混合作用;暗色包体具有较低的SiO₂（60.27%~60.38%）、高的Mg#（54~55）和Nb/Ta比值（14.8~16.6）,表明其来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用;寄主二长花岗岩表现出典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征,其富集Sr、Ba,亏损Y和HREE,岩石的Sr/Y比值介于88~98之间,Y/Yb比值介于13~15之间,暗示源区有石榴石残余.结合前人的研究结果,提出柴家庄二长花岗岩可能为增厚的造山带下地壳在碰撞后伸展环境下发生部分熔融作用的产物,可能与晚三叠世时期秦岭造山带的板片断离作用有关     

Zircon Geochronology and Trace Element Geochemistry from the Xiaozhen Copper Deposit, North Daba Mountain: Constraints on Albitites Petrogenesis

Albitite often accompanies with various metal and gem mineral deposits and a large number of occurrences have been reported globally, including the South Qinling orogen, China. The Xiaozhen copper deposit is a typical deposit in the North Daba Mountain area of the South Qinling orogen whose distribution is controlled by albitite veins and fractures. As there are few studies on the petrogenesis of albitite in Xiaozhen copper deposit, this paper focuses on the petrogenesis of albitite and its mineralization age. Detailed fieldwork and mineral microscopic observations initially suggest that albitite from the Xiaozhen copper deposit is igneous in origin. Further zircon trace element geochemistry studies indicate that these zircons have high Th/U ratios(0.5), low La content, high(Sm/La)N and Ce/Ce*values, and a strong negative Eu anomaly, which are commonly seen in magmatic zircons. The chondrite–normalized rare earth element(REE) patterns are consistent with magmatic zircons from throughout the world, and they fall within or near the field of magmatic zircons on discriminant diagrams. The calculated average apparent Ti–in–zircon temperature for young zircons is 780°C, consistent with magmatic zircon crystallization temperatures. Therefore, zircon geochemistry indicates that the albitite origin is magmatic. SIMS U–Pb dating on nine magmatic zircons yielded a concordia age of 154.8±2.2 Ma, which represents the formation of albitite and the metallogenic age. More importantly, it is consistent with the ages of Yanshanian magmatism and metallogenesis in the South Qinling orogen, so formation of the Xiaozhen copper deposit may be a closely related geological event.     

湘南尖峰岭岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及成因

香花岭锡多金属矿田处于南岭西段中_晚侏罗世形成的花山_西山_香花岭_骑田岭NE向的富碱侵入岩带上,是湘南地区矿化类型最为完整的锡矿区。尖峰岭岩体为矿田内主要的成矿母岩之一。为了进一步明确尖峰岭黑云母花岗岩的岩石成因及成岩年龄,笔者对尖峰岭黑云母花岗岩开展了LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb测年及岩石地球化学特征分析。锆石LA_ICP_MS U_Pb测年获得206Pb/238U年龄介于(158.6±2.3)Ma~(164.8±4.5)Ma之间,加权平均年龄为(160.7±2.2)Ma(MSWD=0.8),这与香花岭锡多金属矿田的成矿时限(154~161 Ma)相吻合,表明岩体的侵位与区内多金属成矿作用均发生于中_晚侏罗世。尖峰岭岩体的主量、微量元素研究显示,尖峰岭黑云母花岗岩具有富硅、富碱及成矿元素,富LILE及Zr、Ga等部分高场强元素(HFSE),贫Ca、Mg、P、Eu特征,指示尖峰岭黑云母花岗岩属于过铝质A型花岗岩(A2型)。综合研究表明,尖峰岭黑云母花岗岩体与其周缘钨锡多金属矿床在时间、空间及成因上有密切关系。结合区域上已有的同位素年代学数据,香花岭矿区的成岩成矿作用与南岭西段同时代的其他钨锡多金属矿床形成于同一岩石圈伸展的地球动力学背景下。     

南秦岭铧厂沟碧口群玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因研究

铧厂沟地区碧口群玄武岩呈带状和透镜状分布于凝灰岩和凝灰质千枚岩中。在详细野外观察基础上,利用显微镜观察、主微量元素及放射性同位素分析等综合分析技术对玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学以及年代学特征进行了研究。结果表明:碧口群玄武岩普遍经历了绿片岩相的变质作用,主要矿物为斜长石、绿泥石和绿帘石;SiO_2(44.67%~49.76%)、TiO_2(1.14%~1.34%)含量较低,TFe_2O_3(12.03%~15.47%)、MgO(7.57%~9.3%)、CaO(7.29%~10.54%)含量较高。稀土总量较低,轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集。岩石微量元素和(?)石Hf同位素特征显示玄武岩形成环境可能类似N-MORB,起源于软流圈,并在上升过程中混入了古老的地壳物质。LA-ICP-MS锆石测年结果显示玄武岩的形成年龄为(316.3:±6.0)Ma(MSWD=0.78;n=7),表明碧口群火山岩系至少是两期(新元古代时期和晚古生代时期)火山作用的产物。其大规模形成时期为新元古代,后经晚古生代火山作用的叠加改造而成。     

拉萨地块西段中新世赛利普超钾质火山岩富集地幔源区和岩石成因:Li同位素制约

作为一种“非传统稳定同位素”,锂同位素地球化学研究已经成为近年来国际上研究的热点之一.文章成功应用锂同位素对青藏高原西南部赛利普超钾质火山岩进行了示范研究.研究表明,赛利普超钾质火出岩的w(Li)为11.2×10-6～22.9× 10-6,同位素组成δ7Li为1.2‰～+3.5‰,平均值为0 2‰,与平均上地壳的相当.超钾质火山岩的锂同位素组成与岩浆结晶分异程度参数之间不存在任何相关性,这表明在超钾质火山岩结晶分异过程中没有发生明显的锂同位素分馏,锂同位素组成特征反映了其形成时的源区特征.超钾质火山岩的锂同位素组成变化范围达4.7‰,并且与pb-Sr-Nd同位素和岩浆结晶分异参数之间亦无任何相关性,表明锂同位素异常可能反映了不均匀源区岩石特征.通过计算模拟以及与前人的类似研究成果进行对比,笔者认为俯冲印度地壳而不是特提斯洋壳(包括沉积物)的流体/熔体参与了超钾质火山岩的源区富集,并在此基础上提出了超钾质火山岩成因模式.     

拉萨地块西段中新世查加寺钾质火山岩岩石成因*——岩石地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd同位素约束

通常认为,青藏高原碰撞后钾质超钾质岩是交代富集上地幔低度部分熔融的产物,而最近的研究则表明,钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳源区.文章对青藏高原拉萨地块西段新识别出的查加寺火山岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石SIMS U-Pb定年和Sr-Nd同位素研究,结果表明其岩石类型为碱性系列钾质粗面岩,锆石SIMS U Pb 年龄为(23.97±0.28) Ma,说明火山活动为中新世.钾质粗面岩显示出富集LREE及LILE(K、Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb)、亏损HFSE(Ti、Nb、Ta、P),具有类似于埃达克质岩的稀土元素分布模式和微量元素蛛网图分布模式的特征;具有高的La/Yb比值(81～105)、较高的ω(Sr)(409×10-6～472×10-6)、较高的Sr/Y比值(28-37)、较低的ω(Y)(11.5×10-6～15.7×10-6)、明显亏损重稀土元素Yb(0.78×10-6～1.08×1)-6)、较高的w(Al2O3)(15.47％～16.7％)、较低的w(MgO)(0.63％～2.12％),无明显的Eu、Sr负异常,类似于典型的埃达克岩成分特征;具有高的w(K2O)(6.28％～6.97％)、高的Rb/Sr比值(0.94～1.03)和低的Ba/Rb比值(2.21～2.51),以及Na2O、K2O与SiO2无明显的相关关系,表明源区的富钾矿物是以金云母为主;具有较低的ω(Cr) 、ω(Ni)(分别为53.4×10-6～69.4×10-6,11.4×10-6～23.5×10-6),以及较低的εNd值(-12.6～-11.8)和较高的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.73207～0.73249).所有这些特征都表明,查加寺钾质粗面岩起源于拉萨地块增厚下地壳富钾物质的部分熔融.查加寺钾质粗面岩具有约145Ma、75 Ma和30 Ma等3组继承锆石年龄群.     

青藏高原西北缘红其拉莆岩体的岩石成因、时代及其构造意义

青藏高原西北缘的南羌塘地块(班公湖-怒江结合带西段北侧)中发育着规模巨大的白垩纪花岗岩带,红其拉甫岩体是该花岗岩带中典型岩体之一,主要由花岗闪长岩和少量闪长岩组成。结合锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th、U、REE元素特征,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,测得岩体年龄为107.2±0.9Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学特征显示,岩体偏中性,富Al、Ca和K,稀土元素含量低,轻重稀土分馏明显,中等或弱的负铕异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K和LREE),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti和HREE),属于高钾钙碱性准铝质—弱过铝质I型花岗岩。在岩浆演化过程中,部分熔融与结晶分异作用均起重要作用,并发生了以斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿为主的分离结晶作用。岩体的CaO、CaO/Na2O值较高,Nb、Ta亏损、Mg#值较小、相对富钾以及Sr同位素等特征说明岩体源岩应来自下地壳角闪岩相的变玄武岩。根据岩体较低的Y、HREE含量和较高的Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y比值,发育石英与碱性长石的交生结构,以及SiO2对Mg#和Al2O3图解,推测岩浆源区压力>1.5GPa(地壳厚度至少50km),通过对锆石饱和温度的计算和锆石结构、U-Pb同位素分析,得出岩体初始岩浆温度>788℃,这与高Sr低Yb型花岗岩(埃达克岩)的形成温压条件一致,残留相应为石榴子石+角闪石+金红石(无斜长石)。综合区域地质资料分析,该岩体应是与班公湖-怒江洋闭合有关的冈底斯地块与羌塘地块之间的碰撞造山,导致地壳加厚的产物,表明班公湖-怒江洋西部与中东部的闭合时限可能具有一致性。     

Age and origin of a Palaeozoic nepheline syenite from northern Shanxi Province,China: U–Pb zircon age and whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints

Geochronological, geochemical, and whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic analyses were performed on a suite of Palaeozoic nepheline syenites from Zijinshan to characterize their ages and petrogenesis. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon analyses yield consistent ages of 525.7 ± 2.8 million years for a sample (HYK01). These intrusive rocks belong to the foid syenite magma series in terms of K₂O?+?Na₂O contents (14.3–15.2 wt.%) and to the shoshonitic series based on their high K₂O contents (5.42–5.61 wt.%). The nepheline syenites are further characterized by high light rare earth element contents [(La/Yb) _N ?=?29.1–36.1]; show modest negative Eu anomalies (δEu?=?0.5–0.6) and positive anomalies in Rb, Th, U, Pb, Zr, and Hf; are depleted in Ba and high field strength elements (P and Ti). In addition, all the nepheline syenites in this study display relatively low radiogenic Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i (0.7042–0.7043) and positive ?_Nd (t) (0.7–0.8). These results suggest that the nepheline syenites were derived from depleted continental crust. The parent magmas likely experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase, Ti-bearing oxides (e.g. rutile, ilmenite, and titanite), apatite, and zircon during ascent, with negligible crustal contamination before final emplacement at a high crustal level.     

Palaeozoic porphyry Cu–Au and ultramafic Cu–Ni deposits in the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt: temporal constraints from U–Pb geochronology

During late Palaeozoic time, extensive magmatism and associated ore deposits were developed in the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt (ETOB), Northwest China, which is part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. To understand the petrogenesis of the intrusions in this area, we performed in situ zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic analyses on the Tuwu–Yandong (TW–YD) stocks and the Xianshan, Hulu, Luodong, and Poshi batholiths. Two major suites of intrusive rocks have been recognized in the ETOB: (1) 338–339 Ma plagiogranite porphyries and 265–300 Ma ultramafic and mafic rocks, of which the former are associated with 323 Ma porphyry Cu–Mo deposits and have enriched radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions (?_Hf(t) = +11.5 to +15.6), which were derived from a depleted mantle source, whereas the latter are associated with 265–300 Ma magmatic Ni–Cu deposits and have variable Hf isotopic compositions (?_Hf(t) = ?10.3 to +14.3), indicating an origin via the hybridization of depleted mantle magma and variable amounts of ancient lower-crustal components. The proposed magma sources, combined with the geochemical differences between these two suites of intrusive rocks, indicate that in the lower to middle Carboniferous, a N-dipping subduction zone beneath the Dananhu arc triggered the emplacement of granitic porphyries in the Tousuquan and Dananhu island arc belt in the east Tianshan, leading to the formation of the TW and YD porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. In the Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian, large mafic–ultramafic complexes were emplaced during the closure of the ancient Tianshan Ocean, resulting in the formation of several magmatic Cu–Ni sulphide deposits.     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of Early Triassic granites in the Wulonggou area of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen,Northwest China

Widespread granitic intrusions in the northeast part of the Wulonggou area were previously thought to be emplaced into the Palaeoproterozoic Jinshuikou Group during the Neoproterozoic. This contribution presents detailed LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb geochronology, major and trace element geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope systematic on the Wulonggou Granodiorite and Xiaoyakou Granite from the Wulonggou area. Three granodiorite samples yielded U–Pb zircon ages of 247 ± 2, 248 ± 1, and 249 ± 1 Ma, and one granite sample yielded U–Pb zircon age of 246 ± 3 Ma. The granodiorite samples are metaluminous with an alumina saturation index of 0.90–0.96, as well as intermediate- to high-alkali contents of 5.49–6.14 wt.%, and low Zr+Nb+Ce+Y contents, and low Fe₂O_3T/MgO ratios, which suggest an I-type classical island arc magmatic source. The granite samples are peraluminous with an alumina saturation index of 1.02–1.03, Sr content of 305.00–374.00 ppm, Sr/Y ratios of between 17.68 and 28.77, (La/Yb)_N values of 16.98–25.07, low HREEs (Yb = 1.10–2.00 ppm), and low Y (13.00–21.10 ppm), which suggest adakite-like rocks. All granodiorite samples have zircons ε_Hf(t) values ranging from ?2.9 to +3.9, and granite samples have zircon ε_Hf(t) values ranging from ?7.8 to +3.2. These Hf isotopic data suggest that the Early Triassic granites were derived from the partial melting of a mafic Mesoproterozoic lower crust, although the degree of ancient crustal assimilation may be higher for the Xiaoyakou Granite. It is suggested here that the ca. 246–248 Ma magma was generated during the northward subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys oceanic plate.