格宾在季节冻土区高地下水位渠道护坡工程中的冻胀适应性研究

季节冻土区因基土冻融破坏而造成的渠道护坡工程的位移、破坏屡见不鲜,大型高地下水位渠道渠基土含水率高、冻胀性强、冰推力大,对护砌结构综合指标要求更高。室内模型试验与示范工程表明,格宾网垫护坡结构可有效地降低渠道边坡土体的冻前含水率,具有较强的基土冻胀、融沉适应性,而且又有较强的生态效果。将为进一步完善格宾结构的抗冻理论与工程实践提供参考。     

探地雷达在桥塔塔基岩溶勘查中的应用及信号分析

以湖南省张家界—花垣县高速公路岩溶勘查为例,探讨探地雷达在竖直型岩溶勘查中的应用和效果;同时,说明复信号分析方法在探地雷达数据处理中的有效性.竖向岩溶的横向规模小,在雷达图像中相应的异常范围比较窄,异常不易分辨.首先对原始采集信号进行二维空间域滤波,再对信号进行Hilbert变换,提取雷达信号的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,然后对这些处理后的信号进行综合分析.研究结果表明,二维空间域滤波可大大消除高频噪声的干扰,提高信号的信噪比,多参数综合分析可提高探地雷达解释的精度,最终的钻探成果也验证了反演解释结果的正确性.     

应用灰色关联分析进行城市地表水环境质量评价

用于水环境质量评价的方法较多,而灰色关联分析法主要体现的是待评价样本与环境质量分级标准在整体上的关联程度.应用该方法进行城市地表水环境质量评价,得出了各待评价样本所属的环境质量级别,验证了该方法的实用性、准确性和可靠性.     

普朗斑岩型铜矿区矿化蚀变特征矿物填图及找矿潜力分析：来自资源一号02D遥感卫星的证据

随着近年来取得重要找矿突破的普朗斑岩型铜矿的规模化开采,进一步摸清首采区外围资源潜力任务紧迫。遥感技术尤其是国产卫星资源一号02D星等高光谱卫星成功发射,为我国高海拔艰苦地区快速精准识别与矿化相关的蚀变矿物提供了可能。针对以往对植被覆盖区高光谱矿物识别有效性方法探索不足,本文选取普朗铜矿区为研究,采用资源一号02D高光谱遥感数据,使用比值植被指数划分植被覆盖区及非植被覆盖区。基于实测波谱,分层次构建了植被覆盖区及非植被覆盖区与普朗铜矿矿化密切相关的绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石蚀变特征矿物波谱曲线,并采用匹配滤波方法开展了蚀变矿物填图示范应用。野外验证表明：该方法可有效探测普朗斑岩型铜矿外围尤其是首采区东侧植被覆盖区绢云母等蚀变特征矿物分布信息,结果显示普朗首采区东侧具有较大找矿潜力。     

A simplified analysis method for piled raft foundations subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling

A simplified method of numerical analysis has been developed to estimate the deformation and load distribution of piled raft foundations subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling and incorporated into a computer program ‘PRAB’. In this method, a hybrid model is employed in which the flexible raft is modelled as thin plates, the piles as elastic beams, and the soil is treated as interactive springs. The interactions between structural members, pile–soil–pile, pile–soil–raft and raft–soil–raft interactions, are modelled based on Mindlin's solutions for both vertical and lateral forces. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with some published solutions for single piles and pile groups subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling. Thereafter, the solutions from this approach for the analysis of a pile group and a piled raft subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling are compared with those from three‐dimensional finite difference program. Good agreements between these solutions are demonstrated. The method is then used for a parametric study of single piles, pile groups and piled rafts subjected to ground movements induced by tunnelling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高地应力环境下坚硬岩体河床坝基开挖的变形破坏机理研究

小湾水电站坝基岩体在开挖过程中,暴露出一系列的变形破坏现象,主要表现为板裂、表面岩爆、沿已有裂隙张开、扩展和错动等。在对上述变形现象分析的基础上,研究了高应力环境下坝基岩体开挖的地质力学响应,发现:河床坝基岩体在开挖过程中所表现出的变形主要集中在坝基浅表,且具有时效性。根据变形破坏现象分析和变形响应研究,对高地应力环境下坚硬岩体河床坝基开挖的变形破坏机理有了新的认识,是河谷下切和开挖卸荷过程中的应力重分布造成的浅表生改造的结果。最终,将河床坝基岩体的变形破坏归纳为压致拉裂卸荷回弹模式,且以压致拉裂为主。     

塑料板排水超载预压加固地基有限元分析

本文采用有限元对一塑料板排水法超载预压加固地基进行数值分析,并与工程监测获得的沉降量、水平位移量和孔隙水压力值进行了比较,结果显示两者很接近。     

基坑工程施工环境控制的神经网络方法研究

基坑工程施工对于周围环境的影响，是近年来的一个热点问题。在以神经网络表示施工环境知识的基础上，重点探讨了应用该方法确定周围环境控制等级等问题，取得了较好的效果。     

三江平原建三江地下水位下降区地面形变监测、评估与预测

三江平原地下水开采量随着水稻种植规模快速扩张而大幅增加, 2021年水位相对1980年下降5~12 m, 是否因此引发地面形变甚至地面沉降成为社会关注的问题。采用二等水准测量方法和比拟法, 分析研究了三江平原建三江垦区地下水位降落漏斗地面形变现状与发展趋势及危险性。研究表明, 研究区50个二等水准测量点2019-2021年连续3期测量数据对比发现, 地表垂向形变量整体较小(最大-18.00 mm, 平均变化速率-4.6 mm/a)。预测到2040年, 地下水位降落漏斗中心水位埋深由2021年的19.88 m降至25 m左右, 考虑到研究区"上粘下砂"的二元岩性结构, 地下水位下降疏干的地层位于浅上部且厚度有限, 地面沉降量仍较小, 地质灾害发育程度弱、危险性小。本研究不仅回应了社会关切, 也为进一步开展相关研究奠定了基础。     

An alternative method for calculation of Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities by using three-component records on a single circular array without a central station

A method for the computation of phase velocities of surface waves from microtremor waveforms is shown. The technique starts from simultaneous three-component records obtained in a circular array without a central station. Then, Fourier spectra of vertical, radial and tangential components of motion are calculated for each station and considered as complex-valuated functions of the azimuthal coordinate. A couple of intermediate real physical quantities, B and C , can be defined from the 0- and ±1-order coefficients of the Fourier series expansion of such functions. Finally, phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves can be retrieved from B and C by solving respective one-unknown equations. The basic assumption is the possibility of expanding the wavefield as a sum of plane surface waves with Rayleigh and Love wavenumbers being univocal functions of the circular frequency. The method is tested in synthetic ambient noise wavefields confirming its reliability and robustness for passive seismic surveying.