论死刑威慑功能的实现

死刑威慑功能的实现需要一定条件。在对死刑威慑功能的实现条件进行分析的基础上指出死刑威慑功能是否存在和死刑威慑功能是否实现是两个不同问题 ,实现条件不存在所导致的死刑威慑功能没有顺利实现不能否认死刑威慑功能的客观存在 ,并提出最大限度实现死刑威慑功能的合理化建议。     

对死刑存废论争的思考

从辩证角度看，死刑存废论争有其自身的发展规律。论争的根源在于死刑自身所固有的矛盾性，因而论争的结果终将没有输家和赢家之分，争论将持续下去。然而，论争也有利于改变人们的观念和完善死刑制度。基于此．我们应汲取论争双方各自的合理之处，根据死刑内在发展规律和国家、社会发展的实际需要来灵活适用死刑。     

基于遗传算法的海洋地震拖缆避险工况阵列控制研究

针对海洋地震拖缆系统上位机对多个“水鸟”的控制问题,选取一种海上常见避险工况,对该工况进行分析计算,建立数学模型并利用“罚函数法”进行约束处理,得出基于遗传算法的适应度函数,并提出适用于该类工况一般情况的适应度函数公式,该公式能够完成对该工况所有情形的控制。实例表明该方法易于操作,计算得出的结果符合控制要求。     

On the Implementation of augmented Lagrangian method in the two‐dimensional discontinuous deformation Analysis

The discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is a discontinuum‐based method, which employs a penalty method to represent the contact between blocks. The penalty method is easy to be implemented in the program, but the contact constraint is only approximately satisfied. Penetrations between contacting blocks are unavoidable even if the penalty value is very large. To improve the contact precision in the DDA, an augmented Lagrangian method is introduced, which can make use of advantages of both the Lagrangian multiplier method and the penalty method. This paper provides a detailed implementation of the augmented Lagrangian method in the DDA program and compares it with the standard DDA on the computational efficiency and contact precision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Frictional slip plane growth by localization detection and the extended finite element method (XFEM)

This paper is concerned with developing a numerical tool for detecting instabilities in elasto‐plastic solids (with an emphasis on soils) and inserting a discontinuity at these instabilities allowing the boundary value problem to proceed beyond these instabilities. This consists of implementing an algorithm for detection of strong discontinuities within a finite element (FE) framework. These discontinuities are then inserted into the FE problem through the use of a displacement field enrichment technique called the extended finite element method (XFEM). The newly formed discontinuities are governed by a Mohr–Coulomb frictional law that is enforced by a penalty method. This implementation within an FE framework is then tested on a compressive soil block and a soil slope where the discontinuity is inserted and grown according to the localization detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洋河水库防洪实时优化调度模型研究

针对河北省洋河水库特点,建立了有模糊约束条件的防洪优化调度模型,提出了含变动罚函数的离散微分动态规划法,给出了模糊防洪库容计算公式。由成果分析表明,所提模型与方法是可行和实用的。     

遥感反演中约束最优化方法的拓展

遥感反演大多是典型的约束是最优化问题。本文对现有的约束最优化方法在遥感反演中的适用性进行了分析，从提高反演速度有降低优化方法病态特性两个方面考虑，提出了罚矩阵的概念，对约束优化方法中的乘子法进行了拓展，并进行了理论证明。经过大量的模拟反演实验表明，拓展后的乘子法的反演速度提高了大约30％，病态程度也得到了进一步的改善。     

基于压水试验的地层渗流场反分析

地下工程建设过程中,地下水分布以及岩体渗透参数确定至关重要。基于对解决欠定反分析问题的目标函数分析,通过利用适应度函数、地质统计原理和变差函数等优化,得到了解决地层渗透系数一类水文地质问题的罚函数,为解决欠定的反分析问题提供了一个优化评判准则,并结合粒子群算法建立优化反分析数学模型;提出利用压水试验钻孔水头变化反分析得到地层渗透系数的新方法。对南京地铁上元门车站,进行现场压水试验得到钻孔水头高度,利用经过罚函数优化的反分析数值计算获得地层渗透系数,对压水试验区域的电阻率跨孔CT探测验证了该方法区域上的正确性,该区域的钻孔原位渗透系数测试验证了该方法在数值上的准确性。结果表明,经过罚函数优化的反分析计算的准确率达到90%,说明该方法有助于得到全面的地层水文地质信息,对后续的治理具有指导作用,希望能对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义。     

磨料水射流作用下岩石损伤场的数值模拟

磨料水射流（AWJ）破碎岩石的过程是多相流体与结构物体之间非线性碰撞动力耦合问题,其内部的复杂机制涵盖了诸多方面。基于ALE（Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian）流-固耦合罚函数算法,从连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学角度出发,建立了磨料水射流冲击破碎岩石模型。研究表明：岩石的破坏主要以冲击破坏为主,破坏具有明显的局部效应,破碎过程以漏斗状交替推进;岩石内部的损伤场以阶段性演化,即分为线弹性阶段、非线性失稳破碎阶段,岩石在射流冲击交替应力的作用下50 ?s内完全破坏。计算结果与相关文献基本吻合,研究结果对深入研究磨料水射流破岩理论及应用有着重要的学术和现实意义。     

Shape optimisation of the support section of a tunnel at great depths

The shape optimisation of a cavity is typically performed without considering the previous support, which may significantly reduce the practical significance of such analyses. Even when an excavation section is optimised, failure of the surrounding rock in a tunnel cannot be prevented in the presence of excessive in situ stress. Thus, a support should be established to protect the stability of a tunnel from the failure of the surrounding rock. This study examines the optimal shape of the support that satisfies the optimisation criterion, which minimises the largest tangential stress along the inner edge of the support, for a specific net tunnel size and support strength. The optimisation process is to solve a series of forward problems using the conformal mapping method for a plane elasticity complex function. The tangential stress along the inner edge of the support is selected as the objective function, and the coefficients of the mapping function are considered as the design variables. The minimum value of the objective function is calculated based on the mixed penalty function method and the optimal support shape that satisfies the given constraints can be obtained. The stress state of an optimally shaped tunnel support is significantly improved compared to non-optimal configurations, and the stress concentration along the inner edge of the support is minimised.