土钉支护结构优化的改进遗传进化-复合形算法

对于土钉支护结构优化这样一个二重优化问题，采用改进遗传进化算法调整土钉设计参数，并利用复合形法搜索支护结构的临界滑面，从而得出保证工程安全可靠且造价最低的最优设计方案。     

利用滨海地下水潮汐效应估计含水层参数:以北海半岛为例

通过分析滨海含水层中观测孔的水位动态资料,确定含水层的水力性质和某些参数,或推测含水层在海底的延伸长度和露头处是否存在覆盖层,是水文地质学家一直很感兴趣的问题之一。文中充分分析了广西北海半岛滨海地区水文地质条件,将研究区第一个承压含水层系统概化为具有上覆弱透水层越流和含水层海底露头覆盖层的垂向三层结构的不稳定流模型。应用该模型的解析解对广西北海半岛滨海含水层系统的观测数据进行了分析,拟合效果很好,并利用最小平方罚函数法估算了研究区含水层的参数。     

基于罚函数偶应力理论的土体应变局部化研究

与 Cosserat 理论相比,偶应力理论在一定程度上可以降低数值框架的复杂度,已逐渐应用于岩土体应变局部化分析中。然而,一般的偶应力有限元法需要满足 C¹连续性,即单元内部和单元交界面上的应变都需要具有连续性。为了避免开发较为复杂的C¹型偶应力单元,在 Cosserat 连续体理论框架下,通过借助罚函数方法对 C¹连续性进行松弛来获得偶应力理论的逼近解,建立了基于罚函数的偶应力有限元方法 PCS-FEM。通过平面应变条件下的弹性圆孔应力集中问题对 PCS-FEM 方法的有效性进行了验证,并应用于土体应变局部化分析中。通过对Ottawa砂的平面应变试验进行数值模拟,发现 PCS-FEM 方法获得的应力−应变曲线及剪切带破坏形态与试验结果基本一致,且能够克服经典连续体理论病态的网格敏感性问题,保证应变局部化问题的适定性;通过对承受偏心荷载作用下的土坡应变局部化经典算例进行分析,发现 PCS-FEM 方法同样可以克服土坡应变软化阶段的网格敏感性问题,展现土体的渐进破坏过程。     

A Constrained Nonlinear Inversion Approach to Quantitative Interpretation of Self-potential Anomalies Caused by Cylinders,Spheres and Sheet-like Structures

An interpretative method based on a nonlinearly mathematical optimization concept has been developed in this paper, in order to interpret self-potential anomalies (SP) due to horizontal cylinder, vertical cylinder, sphere and sheet-like structures. This interpretative method comprises three main steps. The first step is to formulate mathematically a nonlinearly constrained minimization problem (NCMP) to describe the geophysical problem related to the studied structure. The second one is to suggest an interior penalty function in order to convert the nonlinearly constrained minimization problem (NCMP) into a nonlinearly unconstrained minimization one (NUMP). The third step is to solve the converted nonlinearly unconstrained minimization problem (NUMP) by the well-known Hooke and Jeeves direct search algorithm in order to estimate the geophysical parameters of the studied structure, i.e., depth, polarization angle, electric dipole moment (magnitude of polarization) and geometric shape factor. The Hooke and Jeeves direct search algorithm is purposely chosen for being robust and its application to SP data allows a rapid convergence towards the optimal estimate of parameters. This interpretative method was first tested on theoretical synthetic models with different random noise, where a very close agreement was obtained between assumed and evaluated parameters.The validity of the proposed interpretative method is also tested on practical field examples taken from Turkey, India and Germany, where available SP data existed and was previously analyzed by different interpretative methods. The agreement between the results obtained by the developed method and those obtained by other published methods is good.Acknowledgment Authors would like to thank Dr. I. Othman Director General of the Atomic Energy Commission of Syria for his interest and continuous encouragement to achieve this work. Special thanks to the reviewers for their constructive suggestions aimed at enhancing the quality of this paper.     

车载导航系统中顾及道路转向限制的弧段Dijkstra算法

路径规划作为组成车载导航系统的核心模块,其效率对整个系统有着至关重要的影响,传统路径规划常用的Dijkstra算法是根据道路“有向图”中的节点进行计算,相关的交通属性附加在道路节点上,事实上,道路转向限制不仅与节点（交叉口）有关,而且与相连的2条道路弧段有关,若要用节点表达道路转向限制,需要把2条弧段间的转向关系转换为相邻的3个节点之间的关系。这种转换增大存储空间和转换时间的开销,还增加了搜索的复杂度。为了解决这一问题,提出将原来附属于节点上的转向关系转移到相应的弧段上,用节点-弧段关系表达网络的连通性,用弧段-弧段转向关系表达交叉路口的转向限制,在此基础上,提出了一种顾及导航转向限制的弧段Dijkstra算法,试验表明,该算法能够有效地进行顾及道路转向限制的路径规划。     

A Robust Nonlinear Inversion for the Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Faults,Thin Dikes and Spheres Like Structure Using Stochastic Algorithms

A geophysical interpretative method is proposed to depth, amplitude coefficient (effective magnetization intensity), and index parameter (effective magnetization inclination) determination of a buried structure from magnetic field data anomaly due to a fault, a thin dike or a sphere-like structure. The method is based on the nonlinearly constrained mathematical modelling and also on the stochastic optimization approaches. The proposed interpretative method was first tested on a theoretical synthetic model with different random errors, where a very close agreement was obtained between the assumed and the evaluated parameters. The validity of this method was also tested on practical field data taken from United States, Australia, India and Brazil, where available magnetic data existed and were previously analyzed by different interpretative methods. The agreement between the results obtained by our developed method and those obtained by the other geophysical methods is good.     

工程计算力学中的正交基无网格方法

发现并研究了无网格伽辽金法(EFGM)节点不良分布以及采用一般高次多项式基构造形函数时产生数值解振荡的问题.提出工程计算力学的正交基无网格伽辽金法(MLMBOB),并以罚函数法引入强加边界条件,离散化得到偏微分方程的数值解.该方法保留了无网格伽辽金法所拥有的优秀品质,去除了其中的一些缺陷,使得用高次正交基作逼近时有高计算精度,它适合于工程计算中诸多计算问题.并用算例及其误差分析证实了该方法的优越性.     

基于进化算法的浮筒配置优化问题的研究

根据浮筒配置方案的设计要求和合理性检验准则,给出了方案的优化模型。针对问题的复杂性,结合约束支配的概念,提出了一种改进的将浮筒纵向位置配置和浮筒充气量综合考虑、一体优化多目标进化算法。通过算例分析可知,将多目标进化算法以及约束支配的概念应用到浮筒配置优化方案是可行的、有效的。     

防震减灾,应尽快完善执法之"术"

本文从我国古代春秋战国时期韩非子的理论引出区别于法学理论的概念执法之“术”,并通过对案例的分析和行政法学基本原理的运用,对防震减灾领域缺乏执法之“术”的现状、危害、原因、对策进行了剖析。     

裂隙网络无压渗流分析的初流量法

借鉴初流量法的思想,引入初流速来抵消在裂隙网络干区实际不存在的流速,将Darcy定理扩展到整个区域,定义了在整个区域上的非线性边值问题,并将潜在溢出面边界条件归纳为Signorini型边界条件,建律了等价的变分不等式提法。通过结合连续型的Heaviside函数,给出了基于变分不等式的初流量有限元迭代算法,研制开发了相应的计算程序,通过两个典型算例验证了本文算法在求解复杂裂隙网络渗流自由面的有效性和鲁棒性。