Analysis of large-scale UAV images using a multi-scale hierarchical representation

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imaging systems have many superiorities compared with other platforms, such as high flexibility and low cost in collecting images, providing wide application prospects. However, the acquisition of the UAV-based image commonly results in very high resolution and very large-scale images, which poses great challenges for subsequent applications. Therefore, an efficient representation of large-scale UAV images is necessary for the extraction of the required information in a reasonable time. In this work, we proposed a multi-scale hierarchical representation, i.e. binary partition tree, for analyzing large-scale UAV images. More precisely, we first obtained an initial partition of images by an oversegmentation algorithm, i.e. the simple linear iterative clustering. Next, we merged the similar superpixels to build an object-based hierarchical structure by fully considering the spectral and spatial information of the superpixels and their topological relationships. Moreover, objects of interest and optimal segmentation were obtained using object-based analysis methods with the hierarchical structure. Experimental results on processing the post-seismic UAV images of the 2013 Ya’an earthquake and the mosaic of images in the South-west of Munich demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.     

A bilaterally partitioned colouration of a narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) in the Lake Eğirdir (Central Anatolian,Turkey)

Our observation of a bilaterally partitioned colour phenotype of crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus from Lake Eğirdir in Turkey was the first for this species. The specimen exhibited unusual body coloration with its right half colored light pinkish-orange and left half was natural in colour. Although the cause of the color pattern in the sampled P. leptodactylus could not be fully determined, the hypotheses regarding previous similar phenomena in crustaceans are related to mutation during embryogenesis and bicoloured gynandromorphy.     

基于分区和纹理特征的伊犁河谷遥感影像土地利用分类

利用新疆伊犁河谷的伊宁县SPOT5遥感影像,在ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2软件平台下,通过二次变异分析算法和三次非对称分析算法提取纹理信息。基于图像的光谱特征和纹理特征进行监督分类,然后根据地物的空间分布进行"分区分类处理"。结果表明,伊宁县的总体分类精度提高了19.34%,Kappa系数提高了0.247。利用霍城县遥感图像进行分类方法验证,同样取得了较好的效果,表明该方法可在伊犁河谷土地利用分类中进行推广应用。     

分区拟合在精化省域似大地水准面中的应用

本文以分区拟合江苏省似大地水准面为例,初步探讨了根据高程异常控制点分布、区域大小、大地水准面形状及重力似大地水准面中、长波误差分布情况分区拟合省域似大地水准面,为精化省域似大地水准面及其成果应用提供参考.     

基于单位分解的扩展径向点插值无网格法

针对线弹性断裂力学问题,提出扩展径向点插值无网格法（X-RPIM）。该方法基于单位分解思想,在传统径向点插值无网格法的位移模式中加入扩展项来描述裂纹两侧的不连续位移场和裂尖奇异场。由于其形函数具有Kronecker ? 函数性质,易于施加本质边界条件。详细描述了X-RPIM不连续位移模式的建立,支配方程的离散形式以及J积分计算混合模式裂纹的应力强度因子的实现过程,讨论了不同积分区域对应力强度因子的影响。数值算例分析证明了该方法在求解断裂问题时的可行性和有效性,同时说明扩展径向点插值无网格法在模拟裂纹扩展问题时具有良好的前景。     

阿尔金南缘断裂东段晚第四纪活动特征

阿尔金断裂的几何学和运动学特征对研究青藏高原构造演化和陆内地震机理非常重要。为定量科学研究较为薄弱的阿尔金南缘断裂东段的运动学参数,我们采用航卫片的解译、野外调查、地形测绘和年代学样品测试等多种方法对该段进行了初步研究。结果显示该段断裂主要以左旋走滑运动为主,且沿线存在较多的小位移,其位移空间分布的3个明显峰值分别为4.5m、8m和13m。根据河流阶地的左旋位移和相应的地貌面沉积年龄,得到晚第四纪以来阿尔金断裂东段的走滑速率约为2.7±0.9mm/a。基于所获得的定量参数,认为该段断裂向东以应变分解的形式将其应变量传递到相邻的逆冲断裂上。     

Regional geochemistry of sediments from the Hellenic volcanic arc in regard to submarine hydrothermal activity

Some 600 surface sediment samples from the Hellenic Volcanic Arc region have been analyzed by bulk and HCl selective leach geochemical techniques. Geostatisti‐cal analysis, followed by further selective leaches on a number of samples, has been used in order to identify any regional hydrothermal influence on the sediments and/or any local hydrothermal metal enrichments. The two main sediment components affecting the geochemical variability in the region are biogenic carbonate and volcaniclastic/terrigenous detritus. Proximity to islands appears to be the primary factor controlling the variability in these components. Sediments from deeper water, to the south of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc and in the Anydros Basin, exhibit some elevated levels of Mn, Co, and Cu, probably of hydrogenous origin. No widespread hydrothermal influence to the sediments in the region is recognized, although this could in part be due to the high sedimentation rates in the region. Localized hydrothermal inputs to sediments are, however, recognized proximal to Santorini, in particular within the northern part of the central caldera. These are predominantly of Fe and associated adsorbed/coprecipitated elements along with some Mn enrichment. Several samples proximal to Milos, just off the coast in the northern part of the central Milos embayment, also show enrichments of commonly hydrothermally associated elements, including Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Data suggest that these enrichments could, in part, be due to weathering of “on‐land”; mineralization as well as hydrothermal inputs.     

考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄数值模拟

自然水体中污染物的迁移、转化规律与经泥沙吸附后的沉降、再悬浮等泥沙过程密切相关,其机制尚不明确。采用污染物输运年龄对泥沙影响进行了量化分析,并应用于南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋海域。基于水体中泥沙-污染物模型,推导了考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄的计算方程,通过数值模拟分析了污染物分配系数KD对污染物输运年龄空间分布的影响。研究成果表明:计入泥沙影响后,污染物浓度显著减小,污染物输运年龄随之增大,表明泥沙对污染物扩散起阻碍作用;污染物分配系数KD表征泥沙吸附能力,污染物输运年龄与其呈一定的正相关性,当该系数达到一定值(KD=10^3L/g)时,泥沙吸附能力趋于饱和,污染物输运年龄不再发生显著改变。     

川东南庙高寺—二里场地区下三叠统嘉陵江组层序地层特征研究

依据层序地层学原理,结合研究区实际情况,识别出了嘉陵江组层序关键界面。以岩性、测井资料、地层叠置结构关系、沉积相序变化为依据,将庙高寺—二里场地区划为2个三级层序,6个四级层序和15个五级层序。以此为基础建立起层序地层格架,层序横向发育稳定,TST时期形成开阔台地相,HST时期形成局限台地相;纵向上,两个三级层序的海侵和高位体系域厚度有所差异。     

三维城市模型数据划分及分布式存储方法

随着信息获取技术的快速发展,地理信息数据每天以TB级的数量增加。三维城市模型数据作为三维GIS的重要内容,在数字城市和智慧城市建设过程中发挥重要作用。由于三维城市模型数据结构复杂,其数据量具有海量性,因此,高效地对三维城市模型进行划分及存储,以满足数据的长效管理及三维GIS系统的快速可视化数据调度和空间辅助决策需求,成为近年的研究热点。以往的数据划分方法导致划分区域在数据调度中变化频繁,使数据更新和管理变得困难,需寻找一种更为稳定且具有普适性的数据划分方法。本文分析了现有三维城市模型数据划分方法的不足,提出了基于拓扑关系模型的大比例尺图幅划分方法,并对划分后三维模型数据进行统一命名编码;借助非关系数据库MongoDB强大的海量数据组织及高效的多并发访问功能,构建了MongoDB分片集群服务器;对三维城市模型数据进行了单元划分,并采用规则建模软件City Engine进行建模,得到三维城市模型,借助非关系数据库软件MongoDB进行数据存储实验。结果表明,基于拓扑关系模型的大比例尺图幅划分方法适用于三维城市模型数据划分,划分后数据的存储效率明显提高,MongoDB数据库的多并发访问效率具有良好的稳定性。