粘性土微观结构定向性的定量研究

粘性土微观结构的定向性是影响粘性土工程地质性质一个十分重要因素。本文介绍了两种粘性土微观结构定量测试新技术,即D/MAX Ⅲ A型全自动组构测角仪和Videolab图像分析系统;系统地提出了四种评价粘性土微观结构定向性的定量表示方法,即各向异性率、概率熵、粘土矿物定向频率分布函数(F(ф))和粘性土团粒定向频率分布函数(Q(α))。最后对江苏淮阴粘土、粉质粘土和粉土三类重塑固结土的微观结构定向性进行了系统分析。研究结果表明,在相同的固结和制样条件下,由于三类粘性土的粒度和成分不同,其定向性有明显差别,同一试样中,片状粘土矿物的定向性与粘性土团粒的定向性常常是不一致的;选取何种定向频率分布函数评价粘性土的各向异性,应视具体的研究内容和土性来决定。研究成果对于建立各向异性粘性土微观力学模型是必不可少的,具有重要意义。     

盐岩中核废料存放的安全性

为保证在盐矿中进行核废料存放的安全性，人们使用了许多办法堵漏，不使盐矿被淹。用ＣａＣｌ２或ＭｇＣｌ２溶液注入盐帽的悬浮溶液中使盐析出，自上而下堵漏，可保证盐矿的安全。     

河南农村集贸市场类型区划分

结合空间结构分析，空间组织研究的需要，从河南实际出发，综合各地农村集贸市场发展状况的诸项要素，选用主成分分析法，对河南农村集贸市场类型区进行了划分，并对各种类型区的特征及发展方向进行了分析。     

省级农村经济决策支持系统

省级农村经济决策支持系统通过对大量的农村经济信息筛选、分析，最后制订出方案，实现辅助决策者进行科学决策的目标。即一方面为政府部门宏观指导农业和农村经济的发展提供决策支持；另一方面为农户的微观农业生产、家庭经营活动提供咨询服务。实现宏观计划控制与微观市场调节有机的结合，使分散无序的农户生产经营活动纳入有序的商品经济轨道，促进农村经济持续、快速、健康的发展     

The application of spatial data processing to land use conflict resolution in the lal lal water catchment of the Ballarat growth corridor: a case study from chapter one of the Buninyong planning scheme

Land use conflict within the Lal Lal Water Catchment is between landowners, the Shire, the Water Board and those directing regional pressures for development. It is exacerbated by inconsistency in building permit appraisal outcomes. The deliberations involved would clearly have benefited from access to spatial data sets through use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) during applications appraisal, in that inconsistencies are most obvious when mapped in relation to the criteria applied. GIS methodologies would ensure that information of a high standard was produced. Three strategic points are identified for the implementation of GIS: at the planning scheme formulation stage; the permit application stage; and the formal conflict resolution stage. Reference to GIS at the first two stages presupposes the existence of a local government area (LGA) spatial data base and a GIS/LIS that can output overlay maps. Application of GIS at the third stage is somewhat ‘after the event’. This study suggests that without such a regional review of the spatial patterns of permit appraisal criteria (including overland flow modelling) each appeal or negotiation is likely to yield an outcome that is inconsistent in relation to other cases. An LGA planning office maintaining a GIS with all layers relating to these criteria will have assembled its spatial data according to the requirements of its planning scheme and will make most use of it in a GIS at the permit appraisal stage.     

The Place of Narrative in the Study of Third World Migration: The Case of Spontaneous Rural Migration in Sri Lanka*

Studies of migration in geography have most often been based on quantitative research approaches. Such studies cannot adequately shed light on the contextuality of migration and the individual decision-making processes involved. Personal narratives express individual experiences within a social context. The story of “Amma,” a female rural migrant in Sri Lanka, shows the role of women in migration, the importance of family ties, the contextual causes of migration, and characteristics of the migration flow per se. Personal narratives have an underutilized potential of capturing the variety of migrants' experiences and the complexity of the decision to migrate.     

云南优势宝石矿物简介

云南宝石级矿种有50余种，其中较为知名且有开发价值的有：滇南的祖母绿宝石、高黎贡山碧玺、哀牢山红宝石、云南锡石、绿柱石、石榴子石、滇西异极矿等。本文作概略介绍。     

退耕还林工程对农户生计的影响——以贵州省关岭县为例

以关岭县3个退耕村及1个未退耕村为对象，采用参与式方法调查退耕还林工程对农户经济收入和粮食产量的影响。调查发现，由于耕地面积减少了，退耕农户的粮食产量均不同程度下降；但由于退耕还林释放的农村剩余劳动力通过外出务工获得了高于过去种地的经济收益或通过畜牧业增加了收入，退耕地上种植的经济林产生了可观的经济效益，耕地减少后农民增加了单位面积上的农业投入，且国家提供的退耕还林补贴高于实际种地的收益．绝大多数退耕农户经济收入都有不同程度的增加。为巩固退耕还林建设成果，提出了从树种选择、农作物种植结构调整、畜牧业、基础设施建设、农村能源建设、生态移民、为农村剩余劳动力转移创造有利条件等方面推进后续产业发展的建议。     

城乡一体化过程中农民满意度调查研究

推进城乡一体化的最终目的就是要达到城乡共荣，其中农民问题解决与否成为城乡一体化成败的关键。成都市几个城乡一体化试点城镇的农民对现今政策、生活等方面满意程度如何，也是一个备受关注的问题。通过实地调查，采用模糊数学方法，对成都市的几个城乡一体化试点城镇的农民目前的状况进行综合评价，计算出他们的满意程度，找出存在的问题，为今后城乡一体化的普遍开展提供参考。经过对调查数据的处理计算，结果表明：成都市城乡一体化试点城镇的农民的满意程度处于满意和一般满意状况。     

Wind and water: Environmental learning in early colonial New Zealand

Abstract:  In the 19th century, pamphlets and handbooks written for intending settlers often depicted New Zealand as environmentally benign. Upon arrival, however, the newcomers experienced episodes of stormy weather and flooding. They also found greater variations across the country, between the seasons, and from year to year, than they had been led to expect. Primarily by experience, but in part guided by Māori informants, rural people learned to recognize the signs of impending storms and flooding in lowland rivers. They also came to appreciate the less predictable features of eastern South Island weather systems, and found ways to reduce their economic and environmental impact.