社会文化地理学中小区域研究的意义

区域分析是地理学的研究范式之一．目前大陆社会文化地理学界出现了一个小区域研究热。本文从三个部分分析了小区域研究的意义,小区域研究需要把握的方向．以及不同方法论下小区域研究的特点。在第一部分中,本文从法国人文地理学的小区域研究入手．分析了小区域与大区域之间的关系,从而指出两者之间的研究不能彼此替代。从而说明．大陆人文地理学中小区域研究增多的趋势,不是地理学家从事小区域应用项目的结果,而是学科自身发展需要。本文第二部分强调,在小区域研究中需要选择与研究问题相当的区域,同时处理好小区域与大区域之间的逻辑关系,并运用小区域研究的方法,尤其是野外的方法。本文第三部分粗略分析了经验主义、实证主义、人文主义、结构主义和后现代主义视野下的小区域研究特点。     

新发展格局下粤港澳大湾区高科技产业多尺度空间联系与政策启示

中国区域发展和产业布局正迈向“以内循环为主体、内外循环相互促进”的新发展格局,而城市群肩负着内循环增长极、辐射源和双循环战略支点的双重使命。现有研究对核心城市群高科技产业带动内循环的空间格局及其政策启示的关注尚显薄弱。论文以改革开放以来深度融入外循环的粤港澳大湾区为例,刻画并对比其战略性支柱产业(电子信息、汽车、家电)和战略性新兴产业(生物科技、智能机器人、新材料)在区域内部和外部(带动粤东西北、泛珠三角、全国)的多尺度空间联系,总结推进以内循环为主体构建新发展格局的政策启示。研究发现：(1)粤港澳大湾区高科技产业多尺度空间联系以经济发达地区之间为主,区域内形成以广深港科技创新走廊为主轴向周边辐射,国内形成以粤港澳大湾区、长三角、京津冀和成渝4大国家级城市群为菱形结构顶点、中西部省会城市为重要节点的空间格局;(2)战略性支柱产业相比战略性新兴产业形成了更加稳固的菱形结构顶点支撑和城市区域化溢出及区域间联动进程,辐射带动的地理范围更广,在粤港澳大湾区内外的产业功能分工也更加完善;(3)建议以菱形结构作为内循环的基础空间架构,构建城市、区域、国家多尺度空间相互联动、经济发达地区和欠发达地区...     

自然灾害韧弹性社会的理论范式

全球环境变化和经济快速发展导致自然灾害的增加,已经成为现代人类社会最严重的环境问题之一.面对自然灾害风险防控的严峻形势,人类社会必须建设得足够强大,以应对可能发生的自然灾害风险.在提出"构筑自然灾害韧弹性社会减轻自然灾害风险"的基础上,本文重点分析韧弹性的确切涵义,通过综合灾害防御、损害恢复和应急管控,诠释自然灾害韧弹...     

Flood risk perceptions and spatial multi-criteria analysis: an exploratory research for hazard mitigation

The conventional method of risk analysis (with risk as a product of probability and consequences) does not allow for a pluralistic approach that includes the various risk perceptions of stakeholders or lay people within a given social system. This article introduces a methodology that combines the virtues of three different methods: the quantifiable conventional approach to risk; the taxonomic analysis of perceived risk; and the analytical framework of a spatial multi-criteria analysis. This combination of methods is applied to the case study ‘Ebro Delta’ in Spain as part of the European sixth framework project ‘Floodsite’. First, a typology for flood hazards is developed based on individual and/or stakeholders’ judgements. Awareness, worry and preparedness are the three characteristics that typify a community to reflect various levels of ignorance, perceived security, perceived control or desired risk reduction. Applying ‘worry’ as the central characteristic, a trade-off is hypothesized between Worry and the benefits groups in society receive from a risky situation. Second, this trade-off is applied in Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). MCA is the vehicle that often accompanies participatory processes, where governmental bodies have to decide on issues in which local stakeholders have a say. By using risk perception-scores as weights in a standard MCA procedure a new decision framework for risk assessment is developed. Finally, the case of sea-level rise in the Ebro Delta in Spain serves as an illustration of the applied methodology. Risk perception information has been collected with help of an on-site survey. Risk perception enters the multi-criteria analysis as complementary weights for the criteria risk and benefit. The results of the survey are applied to a set of scenarios representing both sea-level rise and land subsidence for a time span of 50 years. Land use alternatives have been presented to stakeholders in order to provide the regional decision maker with societal preferences for handling risk. Even with limited resources a characteristic ‘risk profile’ could be drawn that enables the decision maker to develop a suitable land use policy.     

FORTRANM在重磁数据处理中的应用

介绍了ＦｏｒｔｒａｎＭ的基本概念和特点。ＦｏｒｔｒａｎＭ是一个支持分布式环境中并行计算的Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ语言新成员，它在Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ７７上扩充而成，不仅能支持数据并行程序设计，而且能支持任务并行程序设计。在重磁数据处理中，常常要进行大计算量的运算，如果采用并行计算方法，可以大大提高低档机器的运算能力，降低运算费用，缩短处理周期。本文用ＦｏｒｔｒａｎＭ把ＧＭＰＳ改造成并行计算系统ＧＭＰＳ－ＦＭ，经实际运行，效果良好，最后对测试结果作了分析。     

Northern Adriatic Rocky Reef Fishes at Low Winter Temperatures

Abstract. The behavioural ecology of certain northern Adriatic fishes was observed from January to April at a water temperature of 7–11 ^oC. The fishes studied here do not migrate to deeper waters. Most of the benthic fishes show a similar distribution over the substrate in winter and in summer; in winter, however, they are very inactive and hide in the substrate. Suprabenthic fishes aggregate in littoral caves where they form dense, inactive, mixed aggregations. Certain hemipelagic and pelagic fishes join to form very dense aggregations at specific sites in the open waters of bays. Littoral predators display high feeding activity at a time when their prey is inactive. I present a hypothesis concerning possible implications of seasonally cyclic environmental temperatures for a sympatric community of non-migrating fishes.     

Sedimentary records of multidecadal-scale variability of diatom productivity in the Bungo Channel, Japan, associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

In order to examine the responses of primary productivity in the southern coastal sea of Japan to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the 20th century, sedimentary records of diatom productivity (diatom valve fluxes) were reconstructed using core samples from the Bungo Channel (BC) in southwest Japan. The record of the Thalassionema spp. flux—the best index of fall primary productivity in the BC—indicated a multidecadal-scale duration with a low flux (1943–1982) and those with a high flux (1913–1943 and 1982–2001); apparent shifts were recognized in 1943 and 1982. The shift in 1982 was also recognized in the flux records of other early summer to fall predominant genera in the BC and, previously, in the biogenic silica records from a broad region of the southeast BC. This indicates that in our records, this shift reflects a general trend in the primary production in the southeast BC. A comparison among the Thalassionema spp. flux records, meteorological data from an observatory adjacent to the core site, and the PDO index showed that the flux records were more similar to the PDO index than the other meteorological records, which suggests that the multidecadal-scale variability of the BC primary productivity may be associated with some marine-derived forcing. The bottom intrusions of nutrient-rich water that upwelled from the shelf slope into the BC, the axis movement or the transport of the Kuroshio Current off the BC, and a basin-scale wind stress in the North Pacific might play an important role in this forcing and mediate between the BC primary productivity and the PDO.     

空间信息的结构、表达及其理解机制

在分析传统地理信息系统理论主要缺陷的基础上,将语言学引入地理信息系统,提出了数字环境下空间信息结构与表达的认识模型——空间信息的语言学模型,探讨了空间信息的语言学特征,主要是语言单位、语法及语义机制,并就其对地理信息系统各环节特别是空间信息的智能化数据处理所产生的影响进行了讨论。     

Life history, habitat utilisation, and biomass of introduced Mysis relicta

Life history, habitat utilisation, and biomass of benthic and pelagic opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta) were studied in the oligotrophic Lake Jonsvatn, central Norway. Sampling in the pelagic zone was done by means of a closing zooplankton net; in the benthic zone by means of a benthic beam trawl.

M. relicta had a mixed one or two year life cycle. In the autumn, the proportion of mature females and males were larger in the pelagic than in the benthic habitat. Copulation took place in late autumn, and the first females with eggs occurred in November. In February, the first juvenile M. relicta were released in the benthic habitat. In May and July, however, juveniles were found in large numbers in all parts of the lake. The length distribution of M. relicta indicates that juveniles partly segregate between benthic and pelagic habitats.

Both juvenile and adult M. relicta performed vertical diel migrations in the pelagic habitat. In the benthic habitat, diel vertical migrations along the bottom were not as pronounced as vertical migrations in the pelagic habitat. In the benthic habitat, major migrations were performed only by adults in the autumn. Our results indicate that the light intensity in the green part of the spectrum gives the proximate cue for regulation of vertical distribution of M. relicta.

The mean total biomass varied between 288 and 1576 kg dry weight, corresponding to 23.2–127.1 mg dry weight m⁻² surface area. M. relicta had smallest biomass during late spring/early summer and largest biomass during autumn and early winter. Estimated pelagic biomasses were largest in February, August, October and November, while benthic biomasses were largest in May and July. Estimated biomass of pelagic M. relicta during autumn was approximately 1/10 of the estimated biomass of zooplankton in this lake.     

环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式

在分析现行环境与生态系统服务功能划分和资本价值评估工作存在的问题的基础上，提出了建立生态资产评估区域范式的必要性，介绍了生态资产评估区域范式的基本内容和工作步骤，并以青藏高原为例，划定了陆地环境与生态系统资本价值的空间分布格局。