淡水径流影响下珊瑚温度计(B/Ca、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、U/Ca和δ18O)的稳定性测试

对南海北部珠江口采集的滨珊瑚骨骼地球化学温度计指标B/Ca、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、U/Ca和δ¹⁸O进行了分析,目的在于测试这些地化指标在径流冲淡水影响下的稳定性.测试方法是将各个地化指标与水温对比并进行相关性分析.结果表明,Sr/Ca比值与当地水温有最好的相关性(r²=0.59),说明Sr/Ca是最稳定的温度计指标.而δ¹⁸O(r²=0.46)、B/Ca(r²=0.43)和U/Ca(r²=0.41)与水温的相关系数相对较低,说明这些指标除受到水温控制以外还受到其他环境因素的影响.在这些指标中,相关性最低的是Mg/Ca(r²=0.27),说明Mg/Ca受到除水温以外的因素影响最为显著,这就限制了Mg/Ca作为有效的温度计指标应用于古气候重建的研究.     

Holocene aridity and storm phases, Gulf and Atlantic coasts, USA

A bottomland flora that prevailed between 9900 and 6000 cal yr B.P. in a North Carolina stream valley may not reflect a regionally much wetter Atlantic climate, coeval with record drought in the Great Plains region and assumed dry Gulf coastal conditions. Such conditions were inferred for 6000 ± 1000 yr ago when the Bermuda High may have consistently occupied summer positions far to the NE. Arid episodes coeval with the Little River local wet interval are known from eolian sediments and pollen spectra in the Atlantic and the Gulf coastal plain. For multiple reasons, the regional extent, intensity, and duration of coastal aridity and alternating wet phases and the Bermuda High positions are not yet adequately constrained. The climate and edaphic causes for the steadily growing predominance of southern pines over hardwoods, achieved between 8900 and 4200 cal yr B.P. at different sites at different times are similarly still unresolved. New data from Shelby Lake, AL, reconfirms that no credible field or other proxy evidence exists for a previously postulated “catastrophic Gulf hurricane phase” in the late Holocene.     

Climatic significance of<Emphasis Type="Italic">δD</Emphasis> time series in tree rings from Tianmu Mountain

Based on cross-dating tree ring age from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, theδD      

长江中游砂山的粒度特征及古气候环境意义

通过对江西梁家渡剖面的野外考察、系统采样和粒度测试,在与中原邙山黄土研究对比的基础上,分析和讨论了长江中游晚更新世风成砂堆积序列(江西梁家渡剖面)的粒度特征;并结合热释光年龄测试数据,按照安芷生等的粒度年龄模式获得相应的年代时间标尺,根据粒度与古气候环境之间的内在联系建立了长江中游地区晚更新世以来的气候环境演化序列;发现长江中游末次冰期以来至少发生过10次暖湿-干冷的气候旋回,其中还记录了发生在约22.0,29.5 ka BP的2次Heinrich事件.     

南疆地区历史时期气候与环境演化

通过塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘具有较高的分辨率的尼雅剖面记录多指标的综合研究，结合南疆地区其他地质记录和历史资料，恢复了南疆历史时期（近4000年）以来气候与环境演化的特征与序列，共划分出3个相对冷湿期和3个相对暖干期，结果表明，此地区气候环境的演化在冷暖变化序列上基本吻合于我国东部地区，而在干湿波动上则具较为显著的西风型环境演变特征，同时还发现，南疆地区历史时期人类活动与气候环境演化之间存在非常密切的关系。     

Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu

The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.     

银川盆地中更新世以来的孢粉植物群古气候旋回探讨

利用银川地区孢粉时间序列的随机数字滤波分析的研究成果 ,应用频谱分析方法探讨银川盆地孢粉植物群气候波动特征 ,确定 0 .80MaB .P .以来存在 6 0× 10 4 a、30× 10 4 a、10 (或 6 )× 10 4 a的准周期 ,依据孢粉植物群的时空分布建立了该区多重气候旋回模型。该模型将该区 0 .80MaB .P .以来的气候划分为 1个 0 .6 0Ma的气候幕 ,3个 0 .30Ma的气候期 ,10个 0 .10 (0 .0 6 )Ma的气候段。并且讨论了模型与自然环境演变的关系 ,指出 0 .80～ 0 .5 5MaB .P .期间为冷凉旋回 ,0 .5 5～ 0 .2 0MaB .P .期间为暖温旋回 ,0 .2 0MaB .P .～今为冷凉旋回     

Functional Spectral Analysis of Paleoclimatic Evolution in Lanzhou Area over the Last 15 ka

In this paper, we make use of the functional spectral analysis to infer the periodicity of paleoelimate in the Hongzuisi section since about 15 ka. Through combined analysis of organic carbon isotope and CaCO3 content, the law of paleoclimatic evolution of the Hongzuisi section is obtained. There were climatic changes from 10 ka to about 0.1 ka over the last 15 ka. Among these cycles, the cycle of several ka is most remarkable. The result indicates that functional spectral analysis is helpful for paleoclimatic study, which can provide useful information about paleoclimatic reconstruction and future forecast.     

Extraction and identification of elemental carbon in sediment and its environmental and climatic implications

Elemental carbon was extracted from sediments by chemical oxidation and identified by Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that elemental carbon, defined by processing, is a continuum ranging from single crystal graphite to amorphous carbon. Chemical oxidation is a feasible method to extract elemental carbon from sediments, and when experimental condition and time are properly controlled, it can remove organic carbon without any loss of elemental carbon. However, due to the differences in experimental conditions and methods, different results have been obtained. Therefore, we believe that the determination of standard sample and its concentration as well as the unification of the experimental method are of great importance. Also, the unification and definition of all these carbon particulates can facilitate transect comparison and further research in related fields. In profile research, elemental carbon was extracted and determined by using the same method. The elemental carbon curve tends to change with other climatic proxies, indicating elemental carbon can provide another new proxy for climatic and environmental changes. Based on the analysis, we deduce that the elemental carbon record has different implications for climate and environmental changes on different time-scales. __________ Translated from Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(5): 745–752 [译自: 沉积学报]     

闽西石灰岩洞穴地质特征及其石笋发育过程的古气候变化

本文以宁化县天鹅洞和永定县仙湖洞为代表介绍闽西石灰岩洞穴地质特征，并通过石笋 ＾１４Ｃ、铀系年代测量等研究成果探讨石笋发育过程的古气候和石笋生长速度。