涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩生产力及发育模式

涠西南凹陷是中国近海北部湾盆地已证实的富烃凹陷,始新统流沙港组是该凹陷主要烃源岩层系.为深入认识涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩的生产力和发育特征,采用有机地球化学与地球生物学相结合、定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法正演恢复了涠西南凹陷不同次洼流沙港组不同层段烃源岩的古生产力、有机质埋藏效率和有机碳埋藏生产力,进而建立了研究区流沙港组烃源岩形成的地球生物学模式.结果表明,涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩的古生产力、有机质埋藏效率及有机碳埋藏生产力在横向不同次洼和纵向不同层段上均存在差异,横向上以B次洼最优,纵向上以流二段最高;涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩发育超营养湖高埋藏效率高埋藏生产力、富营养湖中等埋藏效率中等埋藏生产力及富营养湖低埋藏效率低埋藏生产力3种代表性的地球生物学模式.     

南海东北部末次冰期-全新世古海洋学

据加速器质谱仪１４Ｃ测年,ＲＣ２６－１６孔提供了南海北部近１５２００ａ来古海洋学的连续沉积记录。其古海洋学发展过程可分为３期,（１）最后冰期（１５．２～１３．３ｋａ）;（２）冰消期（１３．３～９．０ｋａ）;（３）间冰期（９．０ｋａ～现代）。末次冰期至全新世时,冬季海水表层温度由１８℃上升至２４℃,夏季则保持在２７～２９℃之间。在１１ｋａ时,冬季水温曾短暂的一度变凉（约３℃）,此可能代表区内新仙女木事件。末次冰期时,夏季与冬季温度差约为９℃,它的变化幅度较全新世的５℃要大。末次冰期时,表层水（０～５０ｍ）与次表层水（５０～１００ｍ）间碳、氧同位素递减梯度较全新世的为小。１５～１３ｋａ时大洋表层动物衍生营养含量相对较高,推测这与较强的冬季风导致较强的上升流,而造成高养分和高生物生产率有关,全新世时冬季风变弱。全新世碳酸盐补偿深度和有孔虫溶跃层较浅,５．３ｋａ时有短暂的变深,浮游有孔虫保存高峰和碳酸钙高峰值发生在１４～１２ｋａ间,相当于全球性的ＴｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎⅠ事件。     

Late Quaternary paleo sea level geomorphological markers of opposite vertical movements at Salina volcanic island (Aeolian Arc)

Raised marine terraces and submerged insular shelves are used through an integrated approach as markers of relative sea level changes along the flanks of the Salina volcanic island (Aeolian Arc, southern Italy) for the purpose of evaluating its crustal vertical deformation pattern through time. Paleo sea level positions are estimated for the terrace inner margins exposed subaerially at different elevations and the erosive shelf edges recognized offshore at different depths. Compared with the eustatic sea levels at the main highstands (for the terraces) and lowstands (for the shelf edges) derived from the literature, these paleo sea level markers allowed us to reconstruct the interplay among different processes shaping the flanks of the island and, in particular, to quantify the pattern, magnitudes and rates of vertical movements affecting the different sectors of Salina since the time of their formation. A uniform uplift process at rates of 0.35 m ka⁻¹ during the Last Interglacial is estimated for Salina (extended to most of the Aeolian Arc) as evidence of a regional (tectonic) vertical deformation affecting the sub-volcanic basement in a subduction-related geodynamic context. Before that, a dominant subsidence at rates of 0.39–0.56 m ka⁻¹ is instead suggested for the time interval between 465 ka (MIS 12) and the onset of the Last Interglacial (MIS 5.5, 124 ka). By matching the insular shelf edges with the main lowstands of the sea level curve, a relative age attribution is provided for the (mostly) submerged volcanic centres on which the deepest (and oldest) insular shelves were carved, with insights on the chronological development of the older stages of Salina and the early emergence of the island. The shift from subsidence to uplift at the Last Interglacial suggests a major geodynamic change and variation of the stress regime acting on the Aeolian sub-volcanic basement. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

松辽盆地齐家地区高台子致密油层包裹体古流体压力特征及其地质意义

流体包裹体热动力学（PVTx）模拟应用包裹体组分、均一温度和气液比,结合模拟软件可以恢复包裹体被捕获时的古流体压力,以松辽盆地齐家地区高台子致密油层为例,应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜、显微荧光和显微测温等分析,划分了油气充注幕次并恢复了各幕次流体古压力,该应用有效区分了不同幕次流体古压力特征。研究结果表明:齐家地区高台子油层存在两期油气充注,第1期发生在晚白垩世嫩江晚期（79~75 Ma）,主要充注发黄色荧光的原油,古流体压力为16.13~16.97 MPa;第2期发生在晚白垩世明水期（69~65 Ma）,主要充注发黄绿色、蓝绿色荧光颜色的原油,古流体压力为22.14~26.13 MPa。研究结果有助于深化勘探区油气成藏规律的认识。      

中全新世云南寻甸地区气候演化过程及其驱动机制初步研究

通过对云南寻甸仙人洞XR1石笋进行TIMS-U系测年、氧碳同位素、有机碳含量分析,重建了寻甸地区中全新世季风气候演化模式:(1)8.0～6.0kaB.P.为温暖湿润期;(2)6.0～5.1kaB.P.为气候突变期,气候由温湿变为冷干;(3)5.1～2.1kaB.P.为凉干期。通过石笋有机碳含量与石笋δ18O记录对比,认为石笋有机碳可以反映气候变化,但是存在滞后效应。最后,利用XR1石笋δ18O记录与北半球33°N太阳辐射量,本文初步分析了云南寻甸地区中全新世气候变化的驱动因素:寻甸地区中全新世气候的整体变化趋势受33°N太阳辐射量控制,同时受中全新世火山活动的影响。      

‘Thailand was a desert' during the mid‐Cretaceous: Equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits (Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin,northeastern Thailand

The Tibetan Plateau is a key factor in controlling the present‐day climate and atmospheric circulation pattern in Asia. The pattern of atmospheric circulation after the uplift of the plateau is well known, whereas direct evidence is lacking regarding the nature of the circulation pattern prior to the uplift. The distribution of desert directly reflects the position of the subtropical high‐pressure belt, and the prevailing surface‐wind pattern recorded in desert deposits reveals the position of its divergence axis. Cretaceous eolian sandstone of the Phu Thok Formation is extensively exposed in the northern Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. We conducted a sedimentological study on this formation to reconstruct temporal changes in the latitude of the subtropical high‐pressure belt in low‐latitude Asia during the Cretaceous. Spatio‐temporal changes in the paleo‐wind directions recorded in the Phu Thok Formation reveal that the Khorat Basin mainly belonged to the northeast trade wind belt and subtropical high‐pressure belt was situated to the north of the Khorat Basin during the initial stages of deposition, shifted southward to immediately above the basin during the main phase of deposition, and then shifted northward again to the north of the basin during the final stages of deposition. The paleomagnetic polarity sequence obtained for the Phu Thok Formation comprises three zones of normal polarity and two of reversed polarity, correlating to chrons M1n to C34n of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This result suggests that the Phu Thok Formation is mid‐Cretaceous in age (from c. 126 Ma to c. 99–93 Ma), similar to the age of eolian sandstone in the Sichuan Basin, southern China (the Jiaguan Formation). These results, in combination with paleo‐wind direction data, suggest the development of low‐latitude desert and an equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt (relative to the present‐day) in Asia during the mid‐Cretaceous.     

Paleo‐fires and Atmospheric Oxygen Levels in the Latest Permian: Evidence from Maceral Compositions of Coals in Eastern Yunnan,Southern China

Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the O2 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis.     

青藏高原全新世植被的时空分布

根据青藏高原 30个点湖泊的孢粉记录综合研究显示 :在进入全新世之前 (12kaBP以前 )除最东南部外 ,高原从东到西均发育为荒漠草原植被 .全新世早期 (12～ 9.0kaBP)高原东南部 (10 4°～ 98°E)为落叶阔叶林 /针阔叶混交林 ,季风已进入本区 ,气温比前期上升 2～ 4°C ,降水波动于 35 0～ 5 5 0mm之间 .中部 (98°～ 92°E)为草甸或灌丛草甸 ,再向西至 80°E左右为草原植被 ,气候寒冷干燥 ,平均气温比现在低 4.5～ 5 .5℃ .最西部 10 .5～ 9.9kaBP出现相当于欧洲新仙女木气候倒转事件 .全新世中期 (9.0～ 3.2kaBP)高原由东向西古植被依次发育为针阔混交林或硬叶阔叶林 (10 4°～ 98°E)→针阔混交林 (98°～ 80°E)→灌丛草甸→草原 (92°～ 80°E) .中期气候比早晚期温暖湿润 ,东南部 1月份气温高于现在 3℃ ,年降水量比现今多 2 5 0mm以上 .中西部气候温暖湿润 ,出现高湖面期 ,年均温高出现在 5℃以上 ;全新世晚期 (3.2kaBP以后 )由东向西古植被依次为硬叶阔叶林→针阔混交林→草甸→草原→荒漠 ,气温降水呈非线性下降 ,越向西下降幅度越大 .东南部 1月份气温比中期下降 4～ 4.5℃ ,年降水少 35 0mm ,东北部最冷月气温比中期下降 8℃左右 .中西部严重干旱 ,湖面降低 ,湖水变咸     

花海湖泊古风成砂的粒度特征及其环境意义

通过野外调查和室内分析,发现在花海剖面全新世出现了三次特有的风成砂,并对其原因进行了初步的分析。前两次风沙形成期分别与第一、第二新冰期相对应,而且分析表明第一风沙形成期的冬季风强度要比全新世其它时期强,持续时间长。这为研究本区土地退化、荒漠化等问题提供了自然背景,特别是对西部大开发战略重点之一的生态环境保护与建设具有特殊的意义     

镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的标定及其在热史恢复中的应用

镜质体反射率（Ｒｏ）与其生烃率有关，因此，由Ｒｏ应可求取其生烃率；同时，在求取了镜质体成烃反应动力学参数之后，若已知其受热史，则可计算出镜质体的生烃率；反过来，若已知镜质体的生烃率，应可反推其受热史。基于这一基本原理，本文在建立和标定镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的基础上推导了可将其应用于存在着抬升、剥蚀和古地温非线性变化等复杂地质条件下热史恢复的原理模型，结合海拉尔盆地海参７井的实测Ｒｏ值，有效地恢复了其古热史