城市垃圾地质填埋场址的优选方法

城市垃圾地质填埋场的选择涉及到经济,交通运输,地质环境,环境保护等因素,是一项十分复杂的工作。本文以浦东垃圾填埋场最优地段的优选为例,应用层次分析方法,阐明了城市垃圾地质填埋场址的优选方法及其过程。     

Eu3+水合离子在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附与结构

采用发射光谱研究了不同pH和不同Eu初始浓度条件下,Eu在纳米二氧化硅-水界面的吸附特征。研究发现,当pH低时,Eu在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附很少,随着pH的增加,Eu在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附急剧增加,当出〉6时,几乎所有Eu都被吸附。研究同时表明,吸附在纳米二氧化硅与水界面的Eu离子种类也取决于pH值：当pH〈5时,吸附的Eu主要为Eu^3＋水合离子,当pH〉5时,吸附的Eu主要为Eu（CO3）^＋,甚至Eu（CO3）2^-离子。吸附的机理除了静电吸引外,更重要的是这些离子与纳米二氧化硅表面形成化学键,即表面化学吸附。     

炼锌废渣中重金属 Pb、Zn的矿物学特征

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和带能谱的电子显微镜（TEM／SEM）等方法研究土法炼锌固体废物的矿物组成，特别是重金属Pb和Zn的矿物学赋存特征。结果表明：固体废物是一种高度不均匀的复杂集合体。废渣主要是由石英、长石、碳酸盐矿物、铁质和铝质的非晶质玻璃以及少量风化次生矿物相组成。Pb在废渣中主要以金属Pb形式存在，或呈纳米金属Pb颗粒包裹或吸附于其它矿物表面及玻璃质集合体中。废渣中Zn的存在形式比Pb复杂得多，有硅锌矿、 锰硅锌矿、丝锌铝石等矿物存在形式，在其它矿物表面或玻璃质集体体中也能见到少量纳米级金属Zn。     

山东恒邦冶炼公司合理回收金矿资源提高尾矿利用率

依靠科技进步,采用先进的湿法提铜工艺和两段焙烧脱砷技术,加大资源的综合开发利用力度。利用吸附、中和、生化处理等工艺,加快“三废”向资源化转变利用,快速形成企业新的经济增长点,达到企业经济增长方式转变目的,实现企业向资源节约、优化环境、经济循环、低耗高效可持续方向发展。     

高放废物地质处置中的工程材料

凡人类从事于与核材料有关的许多生产、生活活动均可能产生不同活度的放射性废物。高放废物由于具有放射性水平高、发热量大、核素寿命长等特点,其安全处置倍受全球科学家和广大公众所重视。目前深地质处置被国际上公认为处置高放废物的最有效可行的方法。借鉴已有研究成果,我国采用多重工程屏障系统(包括废物固化体、废物罐及其外包装和缓冲/回填材料)和适宜的地质围岩地质体共同作用来确保高放废物与生物圈的安全隔离。参照国际上该领域的研究成果,结合我国处置概念,本文就高放废物地质处置中的工程材料(废物固化体、废物罐、外包装、缓冲材料、回填材料),以及其材料选择、设计要求和研究重点等进行了总结。     

THE ORAL HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY∗

Book Reviewed in this article:

Latin America: Case Studies. Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser

Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions. Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe

The City and the Grassroots. Manuel Castells

Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors. Jack Child

Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective. David Clark

Coastal Research: UK Perspectives. Malcolm W. Clark

A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout

Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis. M. M. Das.

Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology. I. Douglas and T. Spencer

Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America. Robert C. Eidt

Measuring Culture. Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner

North America: A Human Geography. Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw

A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries. Chauncy D. Harris et al.

Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI. D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston

Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century. K. Ya. Kondrat'ev.

Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries. David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri

The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace. Roger W. Lotchin

The Climate of the Earth. Paul E. Lydolph.

Weather and Climate. Paul E. Lydolph.

Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Doreen Massey.

Panorama of the Soviet Union. N. Mikhailov.

Soviet Armenia. K. S. Demirchian.

USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period. K. Spidchenko.

Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik, Hermann Reining, Rudolf Wurzer.

The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash.

An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Dawn Nelson, David McMillen, and Daniel Kasprzyk.

Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences. John Pickles.

Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Ghillean T. Prance

Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum. Gisbert Rinschede.

Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management

World-Wide Weather. K. Takahashi

Coastal Geomorphology in Australia. B. G. Thom

Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Ram Chandra Tiwari.

Computer Programming for Geographers. David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson.

Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky

Ethics in Planning. Martin Wachs     

RTK GSM 模式和 CORS 结合在污水管线测量应用

通过将CORS与RTK GSM工作模式相结合,采用中海达GPS的四参数解算,将使用单站RTK的独立坐标系转换到CORS使用的坐标系。通过二者结合克服CORS某些地区信号较差与单站RTK覆盖范围有限,频繁设站,无统一基准,且二者都需插SIM作业等问题,切换方便迅速,大大提高工作效率。     

水锤效应影响洗井效果的原理

洗井工艺在水文勘探孔成井工艺中占有重要的地位。以封闭反压洗井为例,详细阐述了水锤效应的洗井原理,并通过相应的模型简化推算,得出了水锤效应所造成的水头差可达136 m,在理论上证明了水锤效应具有良好的洗井效果。最后,通过对水锤压强公式中变量的分析,提出了将泵的入水口置于封隔段最底端、提高泵量、减小封隔段长度等3种方法来优化水锤效应的洗井效果。     

Organic waste impact of capture-based Atlantic bluefin tuna aquaculture at an exposed site in the Mediterranean Sea

A variety of pelagic and benthic parameters were measured at an aquaculture farm used for the fattening of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) which is located at an exposed site (700 m from the coast, average bottom depth of 45 m and average current speed of 6 cm s⁻¹) in the Mediterranean Sea. The objective was to test whether modern off-shore tuna fattening industries can exert a sustainable organic waste impact on the receiving environment as has been reported for the offshore culture of more traditional Mediterranean species such as sparids. In the water column, the concentration of phytopigments, organic matter, heterotrophic bacteria and the taxonomic abundance of mesozooplankton (at the species level) were assessed. In the sediment, we assessed the concentration of reduced sulphur pools, phytopigments, organic matter, heterotrophic bacteria and the taxonomic abundance of meiofauna (at the taxa level) and nematodes (at the genus level). For most parameters, we found no substantial differences between farm and control sites. Deviations of farm values from control values, when they occurred, were small and did not indicate any significant impact on either the pelagic and benthic environment. Deviations were more apparent in the benthic compartment where lower redox potential values, higher bacterial production rates and a change in nematode genus composition pointed out to early changes in the sediment's metabolism. In addition, indigenous potential pathogenic bacteria showed higher concentration at the fish farm stations and were a warning of an undesirable event that may become established following aquaculture practice in oligotrophic environments. The overall data from this study provide extensive experimental evidence to support the sustainability of modern offshore farming technology in minimizing the hypertrophic-dystrophic risks associated with the rapidly-expanding tuna-fattening industry in the Mediterranean Sea.