中国水电开发的生态足迹及其温室气体减排

水能资源是中国仅次于煤炭资源的第二大能源,2011年水电装机容量占中国电力装机容量的20．4％。为了对中国水电开发及其对环境的影响进行综合分析,该论文对过去60年来中国水电开发的生态足迹及其温室气体减排状况进行了评估。水电开发的生态足迹包括水电工程建设的能源消费足迹和土地占用生态足迹。能源生态足迹根据吸收化石能源消费过程中排放的二氧化碳所需要的森林面积来计算,土地占用生态足迹是将水库淹没等相关建设占用的土地按照耕地面积计算。评估结果表明,到2010年中国水电开发的能源生态足迹是50．24227Yha,就面积数量而言,占中国可耕地资源的0．3％,水电开发淹没的土地面积142万ha,占中国可耕地资源的1．2‰显然土地淹没的生态足迹远远大于水电开发的能源消耗生态足迹。对水电开发过程中的温室气体减排计算结果表明,自,9k1949年以来随着水电开发的迅速增长,因为水电利用减少的化石能源消耗所减少的CO,排放量也快速增长,2010年减排量达5．024Lt,过去60年来累积减排量达62．21亿t。     

新疆风区有自记风记录参照站风速的均一化订正

为了较好地开展风能资源的详查与综合评价工作,对新疆风区有自记风记录的4个参照站2min与10min时距的风速统计序列在参考测站“元数据”直接进行迁站前后一致性订正、时次一致性检验与订正、高度一致性订正以及观测、测量系统一致性订正基础上,采用SNTH、POTTER、CUSUM等手段进行了客观的非均一性检验与均一化订正。结果表明：（1）对于达坂城与阿拉山口站而言,EL型感应仪使用期,2min与10min时距年平均风速序列并未因风的观测与记录系统由EN型测风处理仪替代而间断。EN型测风处理仪使用期,10min时距平均风速序列也并未因感应仪的变更而间断。（2）达坂城、哈巴河、托克逊站2min时距统计序列均在1980s年代存在间断现象;（3）阿拉山口、达坂城、哈巴河站2min时距统计序列在2005年观测系统改变前后的间断具有一定不确定性;（4）EL-J电接式自记仪使用期,哈巴河气象站10min时距平均风速统计序列在1992年前后出现了有别于2min时距统计序列的间断现象;（5）阿拉山口、哈巴河、托克逊参照气象站的年平均风速序列经客观均一化订正后,仍然存在显著的减小趋势。     

水电开发对河流水沙变化的综合影响评价新方法(英文)

The environmental impact assessment (EIA) of cascade dams building in international rivers has been widely discussed in China and ASEAN countries since the 1990s. In Southwest China, all the great mountainous rivers have been the major state base for large-scale hydropower development. Among these rivers, the environmental change and response of the watercourse under the cascade dams building in the upper Mekong (called Lancang River in China) has been the focus in recent 20 years. In this paper, the Lancang River, which has over 25 years of large-scale hydropower development, was chosen as a case study for establishing the affected evaluation indicators system and its regression model of runoff and sediment, determining the indicators weight by the hierarchy analysis method and factor analysis method, and setting up the quantitative evaluation models of indicators affected level based on the "marginal efficiency" principle. Using these methods and model established, the influence degree of runoff and sediment in the Lancang River from 1986 to 2007 were assessed. The major results are: (1) the impact of sediment transport change by the cascade development is much higher than that of the runoff change; (2) the years’ number with different impact levels respectively are 72.7% as the "smallest" level, 18.2% as "smaller", and 9.1% as "general"; (3) the change process of runoff and sediment shows a "U-shaped" pattern, which indicates the balance of sediment change because of the interaction of sediment reduction by Manwan reservoir storage and the increase by the Dachaoshan dam construction.     

南极长城站建立深空跟踪站对月球车地-月通信条件的改善

假定在地球南极中国长城科学考察站建立跟踪站,模拟计算月球南极月球车和该跟踪站之间通信的可达性,并和国内跟踪站与南极月球车之间的通信条件进行比较。计算结果表明：①在长城站所建立的跟踪站与月球南极的月球车通信受地形的影响比与我国境内的跟踪站的影响要小;②中国南极长城站和我国境内的跟踪站经度相差180°,综合长城站和我国境内的跟踪站,可以减少由于地球自转而造成的测站背离月球的影响,使观测时段更长。南极长城站建立深空探测跟踪站的通信可达性模拟计算可为我国深空探测网建站的规划及可行性研究提供参考。     

济宁东部山区风能资源开发潜力研究

分别利用常规地面观测站、区域气象观测站(无人值守加密自动气象站)和临时人工测量站的资料对济宁地区东部山区风能资源进行了对比分析研究。结果表明,处在不同位置的观测站资料对济宁东部山区风能资源开发潜力的估算有较大影响,常规地面观测站或处于测风环境不好的观测站往往低估山区的风能资源;计算结果表明,济宁地区东部山区春季风能资源丰富,可利用风力发电灌溉农田,有效地缓解济宁东部山区部分地区春旱。     

爆破直采技术在面板堆石坝工程中的应用

面板堆石坝的坝料开挖直接制约工程进度,按传统工艺开挖费时费工,严重影响施工进度,本工程在利用坝体级配料开挖中采用爆破直采技术,加快了坝料开采速度,效果显著。经过爆破试验,优选爆破参数,为获取粒径与级配符合设计要求及成本低廉的坝料创造了有利条件。详细介绍了试验过程,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

黄金坪水电站坝基深厚覆盖层帷幕灌浆试验研究

介绍了黄金坪水电站坝基深厚覆盖层帷幕灌浆试验研究情况,所取得的试验研究成果以及采用的偏心跟管成孔工艺技术、灌浆试验工艺方法、灌浆效果检查方法对类似工程的施工和试验具有重要的参考借鉴作用。     

曲线测设方法探讨

铁路公路等曲线测设中,多少年来都是用切线支距法和偏角法。这两种方法都要求必须先测设曲线主点,然后在曲线上(包括端点)设站,再详细测设。长曲线或测设中遇障碍,须搬动仪器多次设站才能测完一曲线,很不方便,而且野外工作量大。本文提出自由测站极坐标法测设曲线,可以任意选择测站位置,不仅工作方便,而且效率高。文章详细介绍了这一新的作业方法,计算公式,并给有实例。     

Study on tidal gravity observations obtained at stations Zhongshan and Changcheng, Antarctic

IntroductionThe purpose of the studies on the tidal gravity observations on the Earth(s surface is to investigate the properties of the deformation and the tidal gravity variations of the Earth under the action of the luni-solar tidal force. These variations relate to the internal structure, shape and the medium(s rheology properties of the Earth (Wahr, 1981; Dehant, 1987). The theoretical studies and observations indicated that the amplitudes and the tidal parameters, including the amplitud…     

Overseas market development: a strategy for Australian renewable energy industries

In this paper, we look at the relationship between the development of domestic and overseas markets for Australian renewable energy. It is argued that encouraging the promotion of Australian renewable energy technology in overseas markets could be a practical strategy for developing the Australian renewable energy industry. Also, it is reasoned, Australian foreign aid and trade organisations could play an important role in assisting the Australian renewable energy industry via overseas market research, technology transfer, and human resource and institutional development programs. We suggest that further research and development cooperation between Australian renewable energy companies and research institutes would be beneficial, especially in exploring potential overseas markets. We also recommend that joint ventures between renewable energy industry partners in Australia and developing countries be used to promote growth in Australian renewable energy exports and, ultimately, in developing Australia's renewable energy industries.