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基于符号集合近似的城市轨道交通站点分类研究

轨道站点是城市轨道交通基本线网系统中的关键节点,科学的轨道站点分类,对了解城市功能分区及评价轨道交通基础设施建设情况具有重要意义。轨道交通站点时间序列客观记录了所观测的站点在各个时刻点的重要信息,研究其时间序列聚类,是认识和理解轨道交通站点时间序列形成本质的重要手段,也是挖掘轨道交通站点时间序列中隐含的有较高价值规律知识的重要方法。本文以北京IC卡轨道站点刷卡数据为研究对象,提出了描述轨道站点的4个数据集,即工作日进站数据集(WB)、工作日出站数据集(WA)、休息日进站数据集(RB)和休息日出站数据集(RA);并首次引入时间序列分析方法（符号集合近似(SAX)方法）对4个数据集进行聚类分析,实现了高维数据的有效降维和轨道站点之间的相似性度量。采用层次聚类方法并根据聚类有效性DB指数确定将195个站点分为8类更为合理。通过分析每类站点的日客流特征和空间位置分布情况,为轨道交通站点规划设计和管理服务提供一定的客观参考依据。     

重复地震识别的参数选取综述

分析滤波频段、台站密度及互相关系数阈值等参数的选取与重复地震识别率的关系,对“波形相关”意义上的重复地震与物理意义上震源区的重复地震之间的关系进行定性讨论。结果表明,尽可能增加可用台站数、多使用近震资料、选取约0.2～20 Hz的滤波频段及不小于0.8的互相关系数阈值,可以较好地识别重复地震。此外,当重复地震事件MS ≥ 4.5时,两个事件的震源区至少有部分重合。     

Inter-annual variations in vegetation and their response to climatic factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2010

To understand the variations in vegetation and their correlation with climate factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River, China, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI） time series data from 2000 to 2010 were collected based on the MOD13Q1 product. The coefficient of variation, Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test were combined to investigate the volatility characteristic and trend characteristic of the vegetation. Climate data sets were then used to analyze the correlation between variations in vegetation and climate change. In terms of the temporal variations, the vegetation in this study area improved slightly from 2000 to 2010, although the volatility characteristic was larger in 2000–2005 than in 2006–2010. In terms of the spatial variation, vegetation which is relatively stable and has a significantly increasing trend accounts for the largest part of the study area. Its spatial distribution is highly correlated with altitude, which ranges from about 2000 to 3000 m in this area. Highly fluctuating vegetation and vegetation which showed a significantly decreasing trend were mostly distributed around the reservoirs and in the reaches of the river with hydropower developments. Vegetation with a relatively stable and significantly decreasing trend and vegetation with a highly fluctuating and significantly increasing trend are widely dispersed. With respect to the response of vegetation to climate change, about 20–30% of the vegetation has a significant correlation with climatic factors and the correlations in most areas are positive： regions with precipitation as the key influencing factor account for more than 10% of the area; regions with temperature as the key influencing factor account for less than 10% of the area; and regions with precipitation and temperature as the key influencing factors together account for about 5% of the total area. More than 70% of the vegetation has an insignificant correlation with climatic factors.     

永安地震台信息节点维护与管理

以福建省地震局永安地震台为例,介绍基层地震台站信息节点及维护管理经验,为其他基层地震台站信息节点的稳定运行提供借鉴与参考。     

内地企业香港上市的特征及影响因素

分析了赴香港上市内地企业的空间分布、时间格局、行业格局以及所有制结构特征,并采用计量模型对赴香港上市企业分布格局的影响因素进行探讨。研究表明：赴香港上市的内地企业数量呈现波动式增长,总部主要分布在东部沿海地区,京津冀、长三角以及珠三角地区集聚特征明显;香港成为内地金融和房地产类企业海外上市的主要目的地;赴港上市的国有企业比重不断下降,民营企业逐步成为香港上市企业的主体。回归模型结果显示：赴香港上市企业总部分布受到集聚经济、距离、制度等因素影响,城市的经济规模、金融业发展水平、交通便捷性、信息化与通讯能力越强,到香港距离越近,城市行政级别越高,赴港上市企业则越多;此外,距离因素对民企的影响更为显著,国企的空间分布则主要受制度因素的影响。     

长航道乘潮水位计算新方法研究及应用

随着航道建设规模和航道里程增加,长航道乘潮水位的计算成为航道设计遇到的新技术难题之一。针对多潮位站控制长航道乘潮水位计算问题,提出了乘潮水位计算的多站联合典型潮曲线法。通过构建典型潮曲线,使乘潮累积频率、乘潮历时、潮波传播延时和潮波变形等关键要素同时呈现。基于构建的典型潮曲线,进一步探讨了长航道全程同一乘潮水位、分段变乘潮水位,以及进港、出港等不同情况下乘潮水位的设计取值方法,并以珠江崖门航道为例进行了实例分析,进一步说明了本方法的实用可行。     

Assessment of liquefaction evaluation procedures and severity index frameworks at Christchurch strong motion stations

The objective of the study presented herein is to assess three commonly used CPT-based liquefaction evaluation procedures and three liquefaction severity index frameworks using data from the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Specifically, post-event field observations, ground motion recordings, and results from a recently completed extensive geotechnical site investigation programme at selected strong motion stations (SMSs) in the city of Christchurch and surrounding towns are used herein. Unlike similar studies that used data from free-field sites, accelerogram characteristics at the SMS locations can be used to assess the performance of liquefaction evaluation procedures prior to their use in the computation of surficial manifestation severity indices. Results from this study indicate that for cases with evidence of liquefaction triggering in the accelerograms, the majority of liquefaction evaluation procedures yielded correct predictions, regardless of whether surficial manifestation of liquefaction was evident or not. For cases with no evidence of liquefaction in the accelerograms (and no observed surficial evidence of liquefaction triggering), the majority of liquefaction evaluation procedures predicted liquefaction was triggered. When all cases are used to assess the performance of liquefaction severity index frameworks, a poor correlation is shown between the observed severity of liquefaction surface manifestation and the calculated severity indices. However, only using those cases where the liquefaction evaluation procedures yielded correct predictions, there is an improvement in the correlation, with the Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN) being the best performing of the frameworks investigated herein. However scatter in the relationship between the observed and calculated surficial manifestation still remains for all liquefaction severity index frameworks.     

降雨入渗对板岩边坡稳定的影响及加固措施研究

板岩边坡在国内边坡工程中较为常见,常伴有倾倒变形,在其特有的结构性质影响下边坡失稳频发。通过对苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡失稳现象分析,研究了板岩边坡在降入入渗情况下的变形特征,在该基础之上运用稳定理论探讨降雨入渗影响边坡失稳机制,结合实例分析提出了板岩边坡失稳加固关键措施,并通过现场实际检验效果。研究结果表明,板岩边坡的节理特性、开挖坡比、降雨入渗是造成板岩边坡失稳的关键因素,进行加固必须从防雨下渗和束腰加固着手。苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡加固后经受住了汛期和炮震的影响,说明边坡失稳认识及加固措施较为准确,对于类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

Representativeness of Four Precipitation Observational Networks of China

Four precipitation observational networks with varied station densities are maintained in China. They are: the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) Surface Network (GSN), the national Reference Climate Network (RCN), the national Basic Meteorological Network (BMN), and the national Ordinary Meteorological Network (OMN). The GSN, RCN, BMN, and the merged network of RCN and BMN (R&B) have been widely used in climatology and climate change studies. In this paper, the impact of the usage of different networks on the precipitation climatology of China is evaluated by using the merged dataset of All Station Network (ASN) as a benchmark. The results show that all networks can capture the main features of the country average precipitation and its changing trends. The differences of average annual precipitation of the various networks from that of the ASN are less than 50 mm ( 10%). All networks can successfully detect the rising trend of the average annual precipitation during 1961-2009, with the R&B exhibiting the best representativeness (only 2.90% relative difference) and the GSN the poorest (39.77%). As to the change trends of country average monthly precipitation, the networks can be ranked in descending order as R&B (1.27%), RCN (2.35%), BMN (4.17%), and GSN (7.46%), and larger relative differences appear from August to November. The networks produce quite consistent spatial patterns of annual precipitation change trends, and all show an increasing trend of precipitation in Northwest and Southeast China, and a decreasing trend in North China, Northeast China, and parts of central China. However, the representativeness of the BMN and R&B are better in annual and seasonal precipitation trends, in spite of the fact that they are still far from satisfactory. The relative differences of trends in some months and regions even reach more than 50%. The results also show that the representativeness of the RCN for country average precipitation is higher than that of the BMN because the RCN has a more homogeneous distribution of stations.