国外孢粉学研究动态──孢粉相分析

全文介绍了国外在近几十年中对抱粉相研究的发起、深入和逐步趋向完善。通过研究薄片中各抱粉有机物质的百分含量、保存状况以及一些具特殊指相意义的孢粉类别,利用图示法将它们表示出来,最终与几种海相页岩沉积相分别对应起来。这方面的工作无疑会推动地质学领域内其它学科的发展。     

基于GIS的六库水电站淹没影响分析

将GIS技术应用于水库淹没分析中,可以提高其科学性和直观可视性。以拟建的六库水电站为例,应用GIS强大的空间分析功能和三维模拟功能,形象、准确地分析库区蓄水淹没损失,客观、准确评价水电站建设造成的影响。     

福建省GPS连续观测基准站的选址

介绍了福建省30个GPS连续观测基准站的勘选过程。在勘选过程中,应用TEQC数据预处理软件,对预选的基准站进行24小时的测试,并做出质量分析。从而勘选出满足规范、可靠、安全、科学的GPS连续观测基准站站址,为GPS连续观测基准站建站提供依据。     

地震综合计算预报程序

本程序是根据罗兰格等在1985年(中国地震)1卷4期发表的“地震综合预报”文章中提出的地震三要素的综合计算公式,用Visual Basic(刘瑞新等,2000)编写的。用此程序可以很方便的对任何监测区,定量的进行地震三要素的综合预报计算,作为实际地震三要素预报中的参考。     

国内外延性抗震设计的比较

1971年美国发生圣.费尔南多地震,许多新建的桥梁结构遭到严重破坏之后,延性抗震得到重视,抗震设计方法正在从传统的单一强度理论向延性抗震理论过渡。目前,大多数国家的桥梁抗震设计规范已经采纳了延性抗震理论。本文针对几个主要的抗震设计规范,包括EC8、Caltrans、AASHTO、日本和我国公路桥梁抗震设计规范中的延性抗震设计做一个概述。主要内容有延性指标的定义及其计算方法和延性构件钢筋锚固和搭接长度的规定,本文对我国公路桥梁的延性抗震设计有一定的参考价值。     

中间设站三角高程测量在隧道拱顶沉降监测中的应用研究

推导了中间设站三角高程测量的数学模型及其误差公式,分析了使用不同精度仪器观测所能达到的精度,结果表明:采用测角精度0.5 s,测距精度0.6 mm+1 ppm的仪器,各观测量单测回观测进行中间设站三角高程拱顶沉降监测,在不利的观测条件下(α=30°),前后视长度240 m以内,该方法所测高差的精度小于1 mm;采用测角...     

Stability analysis of left bank at Tengzigou Hydropower Station

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations. The Tengzigou Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China. The authors analyzed the engineering geological features and evaluated the stability of rock mass on left bank. For determining the parameters of rock mass stability on left bank, we adopted the method of numerical value calculation according to the theory of rigidity limited equilibrium, which will provide the theoretical evidences for this project.     

山东地震台网“十五”与“九五”期间地震定位方法对比研究

应用山东地震台网数据,对比研究山东台网“十五”与“九五”期间地震定位参数,初步认为：山东台网“十五”期间定位与“九五”期间定位参数基本一致,“十五”期间中单纯型法定位适用于网内、网缘和网外所有近震和远震,是“十五”期间中最好用的一种定位方法。     

开发羊卓雍湖水电站对生态环境的影响

在调查羊卓雍湖资料的基础上,估算了湖内矿化度的变化,该湖浮游植物具有品种多,数量少的特点,预计电站建成后湖中水温与营养元素变化不大,浮游生物的分布和组成以及鱼类的品种及组成亦基本上不会发生变化,因而其水生生态系统变化不大,另外电站也不会对陆生生态系统带来很大的冲击,而局地气温升高和大量湖滩地的出现还可能对农牧业生态系统带来较好的影响。     

Erosion,transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions

River reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi-deposit methodology for defining environmental flows for activating the dynamics of the river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi-deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the riverbanks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with radiofrequency identification (RFID) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, a fixed antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to enable the investigation of the erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The duration of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones, and average transport velocities were found to be on the order of 10^–3 m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared with the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided into different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The defined erosion efficiency is a measure to support the hydrographic design of artificial flood releases from dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation, as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. Comparison of the results obtained in the field and from laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi-deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the knowledge gained on the erosion efficiency, these results could motivate further applications and research into multi-deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat-oriented river restoration measure. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.