Stability analysis on Jinjia dam hydropower project in Chongqing City

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations.The Jinjia Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China.The paper adopts the rigidity limited equilibrium theory and evaluated stability of the slope body,which will provide the evidences for further detail design.     

甘肃平凉地电比测台站建设及地电阻率数据分析

简要介绍了平凉地电比测台站的场地环境,阐述了比测装置系统和观测室的建设过程,并对其性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,建成的装置系统运行稳定,产出数据真实可靠;观测室的改建充分利用了现有基础设施,注重功能划分、防雷接地、综合布线等设计,可以满足地电比测的需求。最后,以ZD8M型地电阻率仪为例,对定型比测结果进行了分析,结果进一步说明甘肃平凉地电比测台站的各项指标均符合相关技术规范。     

卫星导航系统地面监控站站间通信抗干扰研究

全球卫星导航系统中,地面监测站和主控站通信传输容易受到宽带和窄带干扰的影响,导致卫星导航系统精确性和完好性降低。分析研究利用扩频增益抑制宽带干扰和利用陷波滤波器抑制窄带干扰,解决地面监测站和主控站站间通信抗宽带和窄带干扰问题,为增强卫星导航系统精确性和完好性提供了保障。     

基于遥感的迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站项目监管方法

自“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国企业在“一带一路”沿线国家投资、承建了大量基础设施项目,这些项目在促进当地经济发展的同时,不可避免地给当地生态环境带来一定的影响。目前国内主要采用统计调查等方法进行监管,缺乏直接的境外工程监管手段。遥感技术能为境外工程项目监管提供新方法、新手段,但地面调查数据难以获取是境外项目监管面临的重要问题。针对该问题,本文以迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站项目为例,结合遥感技术（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）的优势,提出了一种境外工程的遥感监管方法。① 针对生态环境影响和工程建设进度两项监测内容,建立了遥感监测技术指标体系;② 基于2016—2018年30 m 分辨率的Landsat 8影像和0.5 m分辨率的WorldView-2影像,利用像元二分模型原理、基态修正模型等方法,从植被覆盖度变化、生态空间占用、自然保护区域影响、工程设施建设、施工附属设施变化5个方面对项目生态环境影响和建设进度情况进行监测;最后通过时序影像和监测产品对比,分析了工程建设对生态环境的影响和工程建设进度情况。结果表明：① 该方法能反映工程在建设过程中对周围生态环境的影响,能准确地监测出迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站的建设进度,对“一带一路”其它境外项目建设的监管具有重要参考意义;②项目建设后无大面积植被覆盖度降低的现象,植被覆盖度总体由低区间向高区间转化;③ 项目施工占用沙地1.4780 km²,港口建设填海面积达0.1246 km²,0.0604 km²的湿地被改为施工沉淀池,没有占用耕地;④ 通过转移海底珊瑚、设置防淤帘、预留海龟产卵通道等措施有效地减少了该项目对Jebel Ali海洋生态保护区的影响;⑤ 工程设施和附属设施建设进展明显,建筑面积增加了0.14 km²,港口建设围堰总长达3.785 km。     

地面3维激光技术在水土保持监测中的应用

在水电站建设工程中,需要对水土保持进行监测,本文提出了一种新的侵蚀沟监测方案,实践证明它比传统的监测结果更准确,更真实,可以很直观地反映出侵蚀沟的形态,实现3维建模。同时,在安全方面真正实现了非接触式测量,大大减少了外业工作量,降低了外业危险性。     

Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: the Baker basin in Patagonia

Abstract

The Baker basin (27 000 km²) is located in one of the most pristine and remote areas of the planet. Its hydrological regime is poised to undergo dramatic changes in the near future due to hydropower development and climate change. The basin contains the second-largest lake in South America, and part of a major icefield. This study documents the natural baseline of the Baker River basin, discusses the main hydrological modes and analyses the potential for sustainable management. Annual precipitation varies several-fold from the eastern Patagonian steppes to the North Patagonian Icefield. The westernmost sub-basins are strongly governed by glacier melt with a peak discharge in the austral summer (January–March). The easternmost sub-basins have a much more seasonal response governed by quicker snowmelt in spring (November–December), while they exhibit low flows typical for semi-arid regions during summer and autumn. Topography, vegetation and wetlands may also influence streamflow. The strong spatio-temporal gradients and variability highlight the need for further monitoring, particularly in the headwaters, especially given the severe changes these basins are expected to undergo. The great diversity of hydrological controls and climate change pose significant challenges for hydrological prediction and management.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Dussaillant, J.A., Buytaert, W., Meier, C., and Espinoza, F. 2012. Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: the Baker basin in Patagonia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), 1530–1542.     

Chinese Bio-oxidation Gold Extraction Technology Reaches International Advanced Level

In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become ＂stay mine＂. Features of refi＇actory gold ores are： gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid （alkali） oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.     

业缘对环渤海地区海外高层次人才回流格局的影响

以中国“海外高层次人才引进计划”数据为基础,运用ArcGIS软件与泊松回归模型,分析业缘对环渤海地区海外高层次人才回流格局的影响及其作用机制,结果表明：对于就职地来说,受业缘影响,海外人才选择回流至母校或者母校所在城市的倾向较明显;人才回流区位选择的规律性明显,主要倾向于流向直辖市、省会、副省级等高等级城市,尤以北京最为集中;从母校所属地来看,人才主要集中于环渤海地区周边的直辖市、省会或副省级城市等高等级城市。与化学学科相比,工程与材料科学学科人才在业缘的影响下,回流至母校所属地的倾向更明显,其母校与就职城市之间分别形成“\wedge”型与“爪”型的空间结构特征。海外高层次人才回流区位影响因素中,R&D经费支出占GDP的比重对海外人才回流区位的影响最大,其次是城市等级和陆路平均通达性,而业缘变量同其他变量对海外人才具有一定吸引作用,但影响较小。     

中国区域小时降水量融合产品的质量评估

基于全国自动站观测降水量和CMORPH(CPC MORPHing technique)卫星反演降水资料,采用PDF(probability density function)和OI(optimal interpolation)两步融合方法生成了中国区域1h、0.1°×0.1°分辨率的降水量融合产品.本文分别从产品误差的时空分布特征、不同降水量级和不同累积时间下的产品质量、三种站网密度下的融合效果以及对强降水过程监测能力等方面对比评估了融合降水产品质量.结果表明,融合降水产品有效利用了地面观测和卫星反演降水各自的优势,在降水量值和空间分布上均更为合理;融合产品平均偏差和均方根误差均减小,随时间的变化幅度不大且区域性分布特征减弱;融合产品与融合前的卫星反演降水产品相比在中雨(1.0～2.5 mm/h)、中到大雨(1.0～8.0 mm/h)、暴雨及以上(≥8.0 mm/h)的相对误差分别为-1.675％、小于15.0％、30.0％左右,且随着累积时间的增加,产品质量进一步提高;该产品能准确抓住强降水过程,在定量监测强降水中具有优势.     

Simultaneous hydrological prediction at multiple gauging stations using the NARX network for Kemaman catchment,Terengganu, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a neural network model capable of catchment-wide simultaneous prediction of river stages at multiple gauging stations. Thirteen meteorological parameters are considered in the input, which includes rainfall, temperature, mean relative humidity and evaporation. The NARX model is trained with a representative set of hourly data, with optimal time delay for both the input and output. The network trained using 120-day data is able to produce simulations that are in excellent agreement with field observations. We show that for application with one-step-ahead predictions, the loss in network performance is marginal. Inclusion of additional tidal observations does not improve predictions, suggesting that the river stage stations under consideration are not sensitive to tidal backwater effects despite the claim commonly made.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR F. Pappenberger