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51.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the variability in the structure of the epiphytic assemblages of leaves and rhizomes of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica differed between depths at a large spatial scale. A hierarchical sampling design was used to compare epiphytic assemblages at two different depths (10 and 20 m) in terms of both species composition and abundance and patterns of spatial variability in the Tuscan Archipelago (North Western Mediterranean Sea, Italy). Results showed significant differences in the structure of assemblages on rhizomes and leaves at different depths. These differences were related to species composition and abundance; differences were not significant for total biomass, total percentage cover and percentage cover of animals and algae. Whereas the higher variability was observed among shoots in all the studied systems, patterns of spatial variability at the other spatial scales investigated differed between the two studied depths. Moreover, in the present study, analogous patterns between depths resulted for both the assemblages of leaves and rhizomes, suggesting that factors that change with depth can be responsible for the spatial variability of both the assemblages (leaves and rhizomes), and operate regardless of the microclimatic conditions and the structure of assemblages. 相似文献
52.
DAO Kequn CHEN Junlin JIN Peihong DONG Chong YANG Yi XU Xiaohui WU Jingyu XIE Sanping LIN Zhicheng SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):690-706
Lindera is a large genus of graceful, pleasantly scented and common native trees and shrubs of southern China and neighboring regions of SE Asia. There is a well-documented Cenozoic fossil record not only in these regions but also from elsewhere. A new fossil leaf record has been found in diatomite beds from the Upper Pliocene Mangbang Formation of Tuantian, Tengchong County, Yunnan. The leaves are identified and assigned to Lindera acuminatissima K. Q. Dao et B. N. Sun sp. nov., by comparing their leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics with those of 51 extant Lauraceae species and with 15 known fossil Lindera taxa. The specimens have well-preserved cuticles, with typical leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics of the Lauraceae, including entire leaf margin, intramarginal veins, basal ternate acrodromous primary veins, one-cell trichome base, paracytic stomatal apparatus, sunken guard cells, subsidiary hardly staining cells and presence of oil cells. These characteristics are consistent with Lindera sect. Daphnidium but are different from reported fossil and extant species of Lindera. The cuticles of Lindera are fragile and delicate with only three Lindera fossils reported based on this tissue. In terms of paleobiogeography, the fossil record indicates that Lindera is distributed in high- to mid-latitude regions of the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene northern hemisphere. Coincidentally, the records of Lindera located on both sides of the Bering Land Bridge possibly support the hypothesis that ancient plants extended via transcontinental exchanges through the Bering Corridor. In the Eocene, ancient Lindera spread to Europe through the Northern Degeer Route and the Southern Thulian Route. At the same time, ancient Lindera spread into Central Asia. Climatic changes and tectonization since the Neogene prevented the propagation of Lindera throughout Asia, North America and Europe, and hence the distribution areas have just regressed to the low-latitude regions in Asia and North America. From the Paleogene to the Neogene, Lindera has changed its distribution by surviving extreme climate changes. Quaternary glaciations ultimately led to Lindera becoming extinct in Europe. The new record from Tengchong, Yunnan, with its lower latitude located in tropical and subtropical regions, indicates that Lindera has lived in those regions since the late Pliocene. 相似文献
53.
深圳福田几种红树植物繁殖体与不同发育阶段叶片热值研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对深圳福田红树林区的秋茄 (Kandelia candel)、木榄 (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)、无瓣海桑 (Sonneratia apetala)、海漆 (Excoecaria agallocha)、银叶树 (Heritiera littoralis)不同发育阶段叶片以及秋茄、木榄、桐花树、无瓣海桑、海漆繁殖体的灰分含量和热值进行研究.结果表明( 1)不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量变化趋势没有一定的规律性, 6种红树植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低;植物繁殖体的灰分含量低于成熟叶;( 2)秋茄、无瓣海桑、木榄、桐花树繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值基本上低于不同发育阶段叶片,而海漆繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值高于不同发育阶段叶片;( 3) 6种红树植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有极显著的线性负相关( P<0.01),不同发育阶段叶片和繁殖体的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著线性负相关( P<0.05). 相似文献
54.
根据1995-1997年3年中山站数字式电离层测高仪的数据,分析了中山站不同季 节F层的临频变化特点.中山站夏季主要受太阳光光化电离的影响,F层临频随地方时的变 化与中纬台站相似;两分季,极隙区软电子沉降的作用显著,F层临频随磁地方时而变化,有 较明显的磁中午现象.冬季,太阳全天处于地平线以下,中山站F层临频的变化主要受极隙 区软电子沉降和极区等离子体漂移的影响,其峰值变化处于碰中午和地方时中午之间.中山 站夏季全天都能观测到F层的存在;两分季F层在地方时子夜附近的出现率较少;冬季月份 在磁地方时午后和子夜F层出现率明显减少,这可能与南半球冬季的高纬槽和极洞有关.对 F层不均匀区的分析认为,中山站在t_(LT)为16:00左右处于极光带赤道侧,20:00左右进入极盖 区。 相似文献
55.
The vertical temperature profiles of snow and sea ice have been measured in the Arctic during the 2nd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2003(CHINARE2003).The high-resolution temperature profile in snow is solved by one-dimensional heat transfer equation.The effective heat diffusivity,internal heat sources are identified.The internal heat source refers to the penetrated solar radiation which usually warms the lower part of the snow layer in summer.By temperature gradient analysis,the zero level can be clarified quantitatively as the boundary of the dry and wet snow.According to the in situ time series of vertical temperature profile,the time series of water content in snow is obtained based on an evaluation method of snow water content associated with the snow and ice physical parameters.The relationship of snow water content and snow temperature and temporal-spatial distribution of snow water content are presented 相似文献
56.
We present the results of scintillation studies based on the data obtained during the first winter-phase Indian Arctic Expedition in March 2008 at the Indian Himadri Station, Ny-Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°E), in the vicinity of the daytime cusp and under the nightside polar cap. A global-positioning-system ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor (GISTM) receiver (model GSV4004A) was used to record scintillations and the total electron content (TEC). The polar ionosphere is more sensitive to phase than to amplitude scintillations. Occurrence of amplitude scintillation is confined to well-defined regions, while phase scintillation shows a strong characterization both in magnetic latitude and magnetic local time. Occurrence of amplitude and phase scintillation increases during disturbed compared with quiet days. During disturbed days, the phase-scintillation region is displaced towards lower latitudes, following the auroral oval. The observed noon peak in scintillation occurrence may indicate that the irregularities that generate scintillation are caused by precipitation in the daytime cusp/cleft region. A significant enhancement of the TEC and the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI) signified transits of polar-cap patches across different satellite trajectories during geomagnetic storms. We found that patches are most likely to occur when IMF Bz is southward and/or Kp > 4. Loss of signal lock was more for the L2 signal than for L1, and shows a maximum in the morning sector. Positional errors tend to increase during disturbed conditions. 相似文献
57.