Magnetic properties of tree leaves and their significance in atmospheric particle pollution in Linfen City, China

Fifty-one tree leaves were sampled in the industrial area,residential area,and Fenhe River ecological zone,for the purpose of a magnetic study on atmospheric pollution in Linfen City,Shanxi Province,China.Measurements of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility(χ) show a significant variation range(from 11.6 × 10-8 m3/kg to 129.7 × 10-8 m3/kg).Overall values of magnetic susceptibility decline in the following sequence:industrial area > residential area > Fenhe River ecological zone.The relatively elevated concentration-related magnetic parameters(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization,anhysteretic remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility) appear in the industrial area,with their highest values in the vicinity of Linfen Steel Mill.Magnetic particles are dominated by multidomain,magnetite-like minerals.Magnetic particle concentration and grain size both decrease with the increasing distance from industrial area,indicating the industrial area,especially Linfen Steel Mill,is the main source of atmospheric particle pollution.Residential area and Fenhe River ecological zone are also affected by industrial emission to a certain extent.The results of this study indicate that magnetic measurements of tree leaves are practicable for monitoring and determination of atmospheric pollution in Linfen City.     

新疆塔里木河下游胡杨不同叶形水势变化研究

 以塔里木河下游生态输水后胡杨披针形叶和宽卵形叶作为实验材料,对这两种异形叶水势的日、月变化规律进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种异形叶水势的日变化趋势基本一致,大体上略呈单峰形,在午后14：00—18：00期间出现全天最低值;胡杨两种异形叶水势的月变化趋势也大体相同,表现为从5—8月阿拉干断面胡杨两种异形叶水势均呈先降低后增高的趋势;亚合浦马汗断面B1和B2井位处胡杨叶水势呈逐渐增高趋势,B3井位处胡杨披针形叶水势先降低后增高,7月最低。运用国际通用软件SPSS10.0对气温、地下水埋深与胡杨两种异形叶水势之间的关系进行了相关性分析,发现它们之间存在显著的相关关系。该研究对了解不同环境因子对胡杨两种异形叶水势的影响效应以及生态输水对塔里木河下游不同断面局部小气候的调节和改善作用有一定的参考意义。     

基于行星际/太阳风和地磁条件的紫外极光卵边界建模和预测

极光卵的尺度大小与太阳风-磁层-电离层能量耦合过程紧密相关,准确预测其大小对空间天气研究和预报具有非常重要的意义.本文基于模糊c均值聚类算法,从Polar卫星紫外极光图像中自动提取极光卵边界数据(~1215000个赤道向边界点和~3805000极向边界点),统计分析其与太阳风等离子体、行星际磁场、地磁指数等之间的相关特性,并构建了以行星际、太阳风为模型参数(模型1)和以行星际、太阳风及地磁指数为模型参数(模型2)的2种极光卵边界多元回归模型.以模型预测的极光卵边界与实际极光卵边界之间的平均绝对误差作为模型评价标准,将本文预测模型与Carbary(2005)模型和Milan(2009)模型进行了对比.结果表明,模型2对极光卵极向、赤道向边界预测的平均绝对误差为1.55和1.66地磁纬度,优于Carbary和Milan模型(Carbary模型极向、赤道向边界的平均绝对误差为2.18和5.47地磁纬度,Milan模型极向、赤道向边界的平均绝对误差为1.71地磁纬度和1.90地磁纬度).     

Chemical characterization of Lower Devonian vascular plants

Vegetative remains of three coalified Lower Devonian vascular plants (Zosterophyllum, Psilophyton, Renalia) were analyzed using flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distributions of pyrolysis products are compared with those from younger vascular plant fossil xylem (Cordaixylon, Callixylon) and cuticle (Pachypteris). The likelihood of the chemical preservation of characteristic higher plant macromolecules (e.g., lignin and cutan) in the Lower Devonian plant fossils is considered in light of this comparison and associated thermal maturity assessments. Reflectance values from vitrinite-like macerals, which may not be vitrinite sensu stricto in the Lower Devonian host rocks for the fossils selected for this study, are shown to provide a reasonable assessment of the thermal maturity of these early vascular plant fossils. Although lignin altered through burial maturation is the most likely source of the prominent alkylphenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Lower Devonian tracheophyte flash pyrolysates, a contribution from thermally modified tannins cannot be ruled out. Comparison of the highly aliphatic pyrolysates from the Zosterophyllum and Psilophyton axes with that of a thermally mature fossil gymnosperm leaf revealed that cutan was an important component in the Devonian plant remains. This is the earliest chemical evidence for the presence of cutan in vascular plants.     

用卵圆方程计算理想情况下火场的周边和面积

给出在理想情况下森林火灾火焰蔓延面积和周边的一组计算公式。为消防指挥员提供制定灭火方案的依据。     

冀东太古宙高级变质区构造演化

冀东太古宙高级区主要由两个构造单元组成，以三屯营－洒河－金厂峪一线为界，北西侧为线性构造区，南东侧为卵形构造区。卵形构造是由紫苏花岗岩固态气球膨胀侵位形成的，之后又受到深部构造相韧性变形带的叠加，使卵形构造由东到西受改造的程度逐渐增大。线性构造则是中部构造相韧性变形带对深部构造相和卵形构造叠加的结果。尽管冀东地区南东、北西分异早于３５６３Ｍａ，但卵形构造区和线性构造区出现相对较晚（２５００Ｍａ）。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定南丰蜜桔叶片中的微量元素

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对南丰蜜桔叶片中的Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Co等5种元素的含量进行了测定,其方法简便、精密度高和灵敏度高。详细的研究了消解酸的种类、HNO3和HF的比例、消解酸的体积及消解时间对测定结果的影响。测定结果表明,南丰蜜桔叶片中铁和锌的含量较高。     

南极中山站极光形态的统计特征

利用极光全天空摄象机１９９５年和１９９７年在南极中山站观测的极光数据,对中山站上空极光的出现情况进行了统计分析。在南极中山站,午后（磁地方时１４００～１８００ＭＬＴ）和子夜前后（２２００～０３００ＭＬＴ）出现极光的情况比较多,在傍晚（１８００～２２００ＭＬＴ）出现极光的情况要少一些;较强的极光主要也出现在午后和子夜附近。冕状极光主要出现在子夜附近和午后的极向侧和天顶,在傍晚出现很少;带状极光主要出现在午后和赤道侧的傍晚与子夜;极光浪涌主要出现在子夜前后;向日极光弧则主要出现在子夜前后,子夜前比子夜后多,极向和天顶比赤道侧多。除向日极光弧外,其它形态的极光在中山站的出现情况与Ｋｐ指数相关。中山站进入极光带的时间通常在午后,具体时间也与Ｋｐ指数有关     

不同地质条件下植物叶片中钙形态对比研究——以贵州茂兰为例

贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区是全球亚热带地区少有的岩溶森林区,对其进行岩溶生态系统研究具有重要意义。本文选择保护区岩溶区(石灰岩、白云岩)板寨地下河流域、非岩溶区(砂岩、页岩区)尧排流域,对不同地质条件下植物叶片中钙形态进行对比研究;采集岩溶区、非岩溶区植物品种各13种,其中岩溶区、非岩溶区特有植物品种各6种,分析其叶片中钙质总量、形态及分布部位(亚细胞组分)。结果显示:1)岩溶区植物叶片钙质含量平均为1216.82 mg/kg,比非岩溶区高出58.45%;2)岩溶区嗜钙型植物叶片中钙以果胶酸钙形态为主,其含量占总钙质量的27.91%~32.82%;而非岩溶区嫌钙型植物叶片中的钙以草酸钙形态为主,占总钙质量的33.69%~34.34%;3)岩溶区嗜钙型植物叶片中的钙主要赋存在细胞壁中,占总钙质的59.05%~66.54%,而非岩溶区嫌钙型植物叶片中的钙主要赋存在胞质中,占总钙质的36.67%~43.77%。     

The dynamics of jovian white ovals from formation to merger

In early 1998 two of the three, long-lived anticyclonic, jovian white ovals merged. In 2000 the two remaining white ovals merged into one. Here we examine that behavior, as well as the dynamics of three earlier epochs: the Formation Epoch (1939-1941), during which a nearly axisymmetric band broke apart to form the vortices; the Kármán Vortex Street Epoch (1941-1994), during which the white ovals made up the southern half of two rows of vortices, and their locations oscillated in longitude such that the white ovals often closely approached each other but did not merge; and the Pre-merger Epoch (1994-1997), during which the three white ovals traveled together with intervening cyclones from the northern row of the Kármán vortex street in a closely spaced group with little longitudinal oscillation. We use a quasi-geostrophic model and large-scale numerical simulation to explain the dynamics. Our models and simulations are consistent with the observations, but none of the observed behavior is even qualitatively possible without assuming that there are long-lived, coherent cyclones longitudinally interspersed with the white ovals. Without them, the white ovals approach each other and merge on a fast, advective timescale (4 months). A necessary ingredient that allows the vortices to travel together in a small packet without spreading apart is that the strong, eastward-flowing jetstream south of the white ovals is coincident with a sharp gradient in background potential vorticity. The jet forms a Rossby wave and a trough of the wave traps the white ovals. In our simulations, the three white ovals were trapped before they merged. Without being trapped, the amount of energy needed to perturb two white ovals so that they merge exceeds the atmosphere’s turbulent energy (which corresponds to velocities of ∼1 m s⁻¹) by a factor of ∼100. The mergers of the white ovals BC and DE were not observed directly, so there is ambiguity in labeling the surviving vortices and identifying which vortices might have exchanged locations. The simulation and modeling make the identifications clear. They also predict the fate of the surviving white oval and of the other prominent jovian vortex chains.