基于MODIS数据的气溶胶光学厚度反演

气溶胶在大气污染事件中扮演重要角色。光学厚度作为大气气溶胶的一个重要光学属性,常作为其他相关科学研究的重要参数。本文以ENVI5.0为平台,利用经典的暗像元算法,对2011年8月5日北京地区的MODIS卫星遥感影像数据进行了气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演,并对其空间分布进行了分析,为环境监测部门提供了大气污染治理依据。     

光学遥感用于贵州发耳镇尖山营滑坡监测研究

文章选取贵州省发耳镇尖山营采矿型滑坡为研究对象,利用多期光学遥感数据,基于亚像元相关性匹配技术,实现该滑坡长时序定量化二维形变监测。利用多期存档Google earth影像及无人机影像,探测出该地区1#滑坡在2013年已开始发生明显的地表形变,且随着时间的推移,地表形变愈发严重;再基于Sentinel-2遥感数据求解出1#滑坡自2016年7月31日至2020年3月22日期间的二维形变时间序列,结果表明：该滑坡最大水平形变方向与斜坡方向一致,且在东西向和南北向上均表现为持续增大的趋势,最大累积形变量分别达到了44 m和-58 m。     

无人直升机摄影测量系统的设计与验证

针对目前已有的无人机摄影测量系统存在的精度不高、依赖起降场地、续航能力差等问题,设计并实现了无人直升机摄影测量系统,该系统将Phase相机、Applanix POS设备集成在3轴稳定对地观测吊舱内,具有垂直起降、载荷量大、续航能力强、测量精度高等优势。在嵩山遥感定标场开展了测试飞行,结果表明：系统直接地理定位精度较高,可用于应急测图;在少量控制点参与下,系统定位精度远优于1∶500测图要求,可用于大比例尺测图,具有重要的推广应用价值。     

基于InSAR技术和光学遥感的贵州省滑坡早期识别与监测

贵州省因其复杂的地形地貌和强降水等气候特征,滑坡灾害频繁发生.亟需一种可靠的滑坡早期识别和监测方法.传统的滑坡识别和监测方法存在局限性,而InSAR技术在大规模地质灾害监测中具有独特的优势.但是,基于单一地表形变值的滑坡识别结果存在一定的不确定性.因此,本文联合InSAR技术和光学遥感,利用Sentinel-1A雷达卫...     

污染天气下成都城市热岛环流结构的数值模拟

本文利用中尺度模式WRF V3.9对2016年7月16日成都一次污染天气下的城市热岛环流个例进行了数值模拟,分析了城市热岛环流的三维结构及演变特征.并通过设计减少气溶胶光学厚度的敏感性试验,研究了污染对城市热岛环流的可能影响.结果表明：当地时间17：00城市热岛环流开始形成.随着热岛强度增强,环流增强,城乡边界处的城市风锋不断向城市中心推进.19：00热岛环流结构最显著.21：00环流结构被破坏,仅低层存在微弱的乡村风.在热岛环流结构最显著时刻,近地面风场由郊区向城市辐合,地面以上2.0 km处风场由城市向乡村辐散,辐散中心与辐合中心位置大致对应.此时城市风锋在城市处合并,环流的水平尺度约为城市尺度的2~2.5倍.当气溶胶光学厚度减小后,城市热岛环流尺度和强度以减小为主.特别是在热岛环流最显著时刻,低层乡村风风速减小,城市风锋最大上升速度降低,环流的水平尺度在西、南、北三个方向均减小,且高空回流高度降低.可能的影响机制是,气溶胶光学厚度减小后,净辐射通量增大,城乡地表能量通量差异增大,城市边界层高度升高.但城市边界层高度升高对城市热岛的抑制作用超过了城乡地表能量通量差异增加对城市热岛的增强作用,最终造成城市热岛减弱,环流减弱.

     

Profile Method for Measuring Apparent Optical Parameters (AOP)in Class-Ⅱ Waters

The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly,then modifies the applied algorithm in the light of the properties of the class- Ⅱ waters and lastly, analyses the effect of application.     

区域优化Peterson模型的气溶胶光学厚度估算分析

气溶胶光学厚度作为描述气溶胶光学特性的重要参数之一, 被广泛应用于空气质量监测及辐射传输模型的大气订正等研究中。卫星遥感可快速反演获取大范围气溶胶信息, 但其产品通常因云覆盖或暗目标算法等原因而存在空间覆盖率较低的问题, 且产品时相受限于卫星过境时间。水平能见度作为描述气溶胶光学特性的另一重要参数, 由分布广泛的气象台站一日8 次固定时间多次发布。建立水平能见度与气溶胶光学厚度的转换关系, 可实现对卫星反演气溶胶光学厚度的有益补充。本文利用2001-2009 年的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品与中国华东地区71 个气象台站的水平能见度数据, 对描述两者转换关系的Peterson 模型进行区域优化。采用分区域高斯曲线拟合的方法, 对影响转换精度的主要参数气溶胶标高随时间变化规律开展研究和模拟。利用2010 年数据对优化模型进行精度及区域适用性验证。结果表明, 优化后模型的气溶胶光学厚度估算均方根误差为0.31, 低于原模型误差;精度基本上与单站点优化模型一致, 但在实用性方面优于单站点优化模型。     

Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L^?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L^?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m^?2 d^?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m^?2 d^?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS.     

辽东湾海冰后向光场分布的研究

海冰光场分布特性的研究是冰区大气-海冰-海洋能量交换和生物特性研究的基础,通过设计"L"型辐亮度探头,运用自主研发的海冰高光谱辐射仪器于国内首次现场测量了辽东湾海冰内部光场的分布特性,研究发现海冰表层5cm至底层在水平方向上光场各向同性,进而认为在所观测站点的附近,采集冰块测量光场分布不依赖于海冰侧表面的选择.采集海冰...     

Probing the close environment of young stellar objects with interferometry

The study of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) is one of the most exciting topics that can be undertaken by long baseline optical interferometry. The magnitudes of these objects are at the edge of capabilities of current optical interferometers, limiting the studies to a few dozen, but are well within the capability of coming large aperture interferometers like the VLT Interferometer, the Keck Interferometer, the Large Binocular Telescope or 'OHANA. The milli-arcsecond spatial resolution reached by interferometry probes the very close environment of young stars, down to a tenth of an astronomical unit. In this paper, I review the different aspects of star formation that can be tackled by interferometry: circumstellar disks, multiplicity, jets. I present recent observations performed with operational infrared interferometers, IOTA, PTI and ISI, and I show why in the next future one will extend these studies with large aperture interferometers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.