山东省海洋牧场观测网的建设与发展

在全球气候变化的背景下,现代化海洋牧场是我国应对近海生态环境恶化和渔业资源衰退、实现海洋生态文明和海洋强国战略的重要手段。而海洋牧场观测网是科学指导现代化海洋牧场建设,并进行科学管理的重要基础。为了保障现代化海洋牧场的可持续健康发展,山东省于2015年底开始在各海洋牧场建设生态环境海底观测站,并组网建成世界先进的海洋牧场观测网,目前已覆盖23处海洋牧场。设立观测网预警中心,负责海洋牧场观测网的日常运行和维护,同时开展水域多学科耦合过程的基础研究和业务化辅助决策的应用服务。海洋牧场观测网的建立和业务化运行初步实现了海洋牧场生态环境和渔业资源的"可测"、"可视"、"可控"和"可预警"。目前,我国现代化海洋牧场观测网的科学发展仍面临诸多挑战,建议进一步增强观测设备的自主研发能力和长期在线监测的稳定性,跨介质立体组网、实现海洋牧场的全方位立体监测,深化多学科耦合过程的基础研究并提供多元业务化辅助决策应用服务,为现代化海洋牧场的高质量发展保驾护航。     

Improving the throughput of transportation networks with a time-optimization routing strategy

Traffic congestion, a common and complicated phenomenon in urban transportation systems, is attracting increasing attention from researchers in Geographical Information Science (GIS) and other fields. In this study, we illustrate a general mechanism that reveals the relationship between travel time and dynamic traffic conditions. We measure a vehicle’s travel time to its destination along any path, where the travel time is calculated based on the path length and on the real-time traffic volume and transport capacity of each road segment on the path. On the basis of this measurement, we present a simple dynamic routing strategy that allows each vehicle to dynamically choose the path to its destination while imposing the minimum travel time. The application of our routing algorithm to the Chengdu street network, Barabási–Albert scale-free network and Erdös–Rényi random network shows that the proposed strategy remarkably improves network throughput and balances traffic load distribution. Our findings suggest that mining the time mechanism of network transport is important to explore efficient time-optimization routing algorithms to enhance the transport capacity of urban street networks and other kinds of networks.     

Crustal structure in Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area, western Yunnan, China

Based upon the deep seismic sounding profiles carried out in the Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area (TVGA), western Yunnan Province of China, a 2-D crustal P velocity structure is obtained by use of finite-difference inversion and forward travel-time fitting method. The crustal model shows that a low-velocity anomaly zone exists in the upper crust, which is related to geothermal activity. Two faults, the Longling–Ruili Fault and Tengchong Fault, on the profile extend from surface to the lower crust and the Tengchong Fault likely penetrates the Moho. Moreover, based on teleseismic receiver functions on a temporary seismic network, S-wave velocity structures beneath the geothermal field show low S-wave velocity in the upper crust. From results of geophysical survey, the crust of TVGA is characterized by low P-wave and S-wave velocities, low resistivity, high heat-flow value and low Q. The upper mantle P-wave velocity is also low. This suggests presence of magma in the crust derived from the upper mantle. The low-velocity anomaly in upper crust may be related to the magma differentiation. The Tengchong volcanic area is located on the northeast edge of the Indian–Eurasian plate collision zone, away from the eastern boundary of the Indian plate by about 450 km. Based on the results of this paper and related studies, the Tengchong volcanoes can be classified as plate boundary volcanoes.     

H-ADCP流量在线监测方案在高坝洲的应用与改进

高坝洲水文站的水位流量关系,受上游水利工程调蓄、长江回水顶托、测站控制不佳的综合影响,关系点据散乱。经过试验,采用H-ADCP在线流量监测为主,水文缆道测验连时序法作补充,基本解决了该站的流量过程监测。在主洪道上修建H-ADCP监测台,实现了该站的流量在线监测。为水位流量关系复杂的测站,提供了流量在线监测的成功范例。     

An Interdisciplinary Methodology for the Characterization and Visualization of the Heritage of Roadway Corridors

Roads, particularly since the advent of motorized traffic, have hugely impacted contemporary landscapes. Although their significance was noted in the 1980s, specific roadway‐heritage studies are scarce. Research in different disciplines has identified certain features of roads, but an integrated approach to roadway heritage or a consensus on what this constitutes are lacking. This article proposes an interdisciplinary methodology to assess roadway heritage. Roadways are interpreted within the framework of semantic openness that currently characterizes heritage studies, territory being the basic element of interpretation. Rather than a fragmented approach to conservation, the research defines integrated heritage configurations where natural, cultural, and historical features combine to produce a cohesive form of heritage. GIS (Geographical information systems) technology is used with an online database to assess the complexity of roadway heritage. ICT (Information and communications technology) strategies to raise public awareness are outlined. The methodology is applied to assess the historical N‐340 Mediterranean roadway corridor in Spain.     

基于知识图谱的公共自行车出行研究进展

公共自行车作为一种新兴的公共交通方式,在全世界范围内迅速发展。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,利用信息可视化软件CiteSpace对公共自行车出行的文献信息进行了分析,对该领域内高被引文献、热点关键词、热点期刊、热点研究区域、热点作者进行了梳理。主要结论为：①研究内容和研究方法日趋多元化。研究主题聚焦于公共自行车用户及出行特征,公共自行车出行的影响因素,公共自行车对其他交通方式以及健康、环境的影响。②不同地区公共自行车用户社会经济属性和出行特征存在差异。出行目的与公共自行车出行时空规律相关。③影响公共自行车出行的因素主要有用户感知、气象特征和建成环境。公共自行车出行对交通系统、城市环境及居民健康产生了积极影响。④中国公共自行车的发展实践需要从经营运作、规划管理、系统服务、宣传推广4个方面进行提升。     

旅游照片视角下的巴丹吉林沙漠自然美

巴丹吉林沙漠被称为世界最美的沙漠。基于旅游者拍摄的巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观照片,通过设计美感度评价量表,对地理学、材料学和美术学研究生进行访谈调查,获取不同学科背景受访者对巴丹吉林沙漠美感度评价数据。结果表明:①可供人们欣赏的巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观类型丰富多样,包括沙山(沙丘、沙波纹)、湖泊和沙山组合、动物、植物及日出日落等5大类。其中,人们对湖泊和沙山组合型自然景观的评价最高。②巴丹吉林沙漠兼具形象美、色彩美和线条美,且3类美都享有很高的美感度评价。③巴丹吉林沙漠兼具旷美、静谧美、柔美、奇美、苍凉美、幽美、险美、朦胧美和雄美等9类形象美。其中,旷美、静谧美和柔美等3类形象美在巴丹吉林沙漠中体现尤为突出。④令人印象深刻的沙漠色彩包括蓝、黄、绿、白、黑和紫等冷暖色彩。不同色彩通过无色彩对比、无彩色与有彩色对比及冷暖色彩对比,产生令人印象深刻的视觉效果。⑤巴丹吉林沙漠拥有美丽的沙脊线、沙丘链和沙波纹等线条,线条以蛇形线、斜线和水平线等为主。不同类型线条通过组合或重复排列,传达出巴丹吉林沙漠的韵律之美、动态之美和生命之美。⑥巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观对不同群体的吸引力是不同的,群体学科背景差异越大,吸引力差别越显著。最后,提出进一步合理开发利用巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观资源的建议:坚持可持续发展战略,精心呵护巴丹吉林沙漠自然景观;加强旅游宣传与开发,发挥巴丹吉林沙漠美育功能;注重旅游者群体差异分析,进一步细分和扩大旅游市场。     

GPS天线阵列接收机及其配套软件

介绍GPS天线阵列接收机产生的背景,简述GPS天线阵列接收机的工作原理和系统的组成,包括PDA控制系统、GPS信号放大器、无线传输系统。重点论述配套的处理软件和在线灾害监测分析系统,指出该接收机及其配套软件具有成本低廉、实用性强、安全性高、预测模型先进等优点,展望了其在灾害监测方面很好的市场推广前景。     

基于出游力的我国主要国际客源市场分类研究

从影响旅游者出游能力的相关因素出发,以2010年的统计数据为基础,选取了21个主要客源国,对影响其旅华潜力的9项相关因素进行了因子和聚类分析。结果显示:国际客源国的旅华潜力主要受客源国经济发展因子、社会发展因子和对华联系因子3类公共因子的影响;根据旅华潜力影响公共因子进行聚类分析的结果显示,我国21个主要客源国聚合为5大类,总体上旅华率与其出境旅游率相比还处于较低水平;短期内我国入境游客源国的开发重点应该是3～5类客源国。     

风景名胜区旅游垃圾实证研究——以梅里雪山雨崩村为例

旅游垃圾是人类旅游活动的伴生物、旅游业的副产品,也是旅游业不可忽视的环境问题。梅里雪山风景区生态脆弱,远离城市,位置偏僻,其环境的脆弱性使旅游垃圾影响更加显著,梅里雪山的垃圾已经成为当地一个非常严重的社会环境问题,影响到当地藏族村民的正常生活,从微观层面研究在生态脆弱地区、在特殊自然地理环境和社区背景下的旅游垃圾问题,寻找有效的解决途径。