The Role of Pre-existing Mechanical Anisotropy on Shear Zone Development within Oceanic Mantle Lithosphere: an Example from the Oman Ophiolite

Structural and fabric analysis of the well-exposed Hilti mantlesection, Oman ophiolite, suggests that shear zone development,which may have resulted from oceanic plate fragmentation, wasinfluenced by pre-existing mantle fabric present at the paleo-ridge.Detailed structural mapping in the mantle section revealed agently undulating structure with an east–west flow direction.A NW–SE strike-slip shear zone cuts across this horizontalstructure. The crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of olivinewithin the foliation is dominated by (010) axial patterns ratherthan more commonly observed (010)[100] patterns, suggestingthat the horizontal flow close to the Moho involved non-coaxialflow. Olivine CPO within the shear zone formed at low temperatureis characterized by (001)[100] patterns and a sinistral senseof shear. The olivine CPO becomes weaker with progressive mylonitizationand accompanying grain size reduction, and ultimately developsinto an ultra-mylonite with a random CPO pattern. The olivine[010]-axis is consistently sub-vertical, even where the horizontalfoliation has been rotated to a sub-vertical orientation withinthe shear zone. These observations suggest that the primarymechanical anisotropy (mantle fabric) has been readily transformedinto a secondary structure (shear zone) with minimum modification.This occurred as a result of a change of the olivine slip systemsduring oceanic detachment and related tectonics during cooling.We propose that primary olivine CPO fabrics may play a significantrole in the subsequent structural development of the mantle.Thus, the structural behavior of oceanic mantle lithosphereduring subduction and obduction may be strongly influenced byinitial mechanical anisotropy developed at an oceanic spreadingcenter. KEY WORDS: mantle lithosphere; anisotropy; shear zone; olivine CPO; Oman ophiolite     

橄榄石斑晶和捕虏晶与年青橄榄玄武岩的K-Ar定年

取自黑龙江北部5个年青橄榄石玄武岩样品，分别对挑出橄榄石细小斑晶和捕虏晶的玄武岩、橄榄石斑晶和其他斑晶作了K-Ar定年。结果表明橄榄石和玄武岩浆不是同时代的，挑出橄榄石晶体后表现年龄将下降（年轻）50%至90%.     

甘肃龙首山超基性岩带含矿岩体主造岩矿物化学特征研究

对甘肃龙首山超基性岩带含矿岩体的主造岩矿物———橄榄石、辉石,进行了矿物化学特征分析 ;比较了金川岩体与外围岩体在矿物化学特征方面的异同。通过研究 ,龙首山超基性岩带的岩体中 ,五号异常岩体与金川岩体极为相似 ,有望在深部寻找到金川式铜镍硫化物矿床     

新疆西准噶尔地区唐巴勒超基性岩体地幔岩残体的超微构造与组构特征

用弗氏台及透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ），对唐巴勒超基性岩体中碎斑状纯橄岩及糜棱岩化斜辉橄榄岩内主要造岩矿物──镁橄榄石的组构与超微构造进行了研究，两种手段所获结果基本一致。它们的位错组态各具特色；碎斑状纯橄岩内的幔成镁橄榄石表现出位错列特征，根据单根位错及位错列得出的布氏矢量为α［１００］，滑移系为（０１０）［１００］。在糜棱岩化斜辉橄榄岩内的幔成镁橄榄石表现出典型的多层结构，而且滑移方向明显，测定的速线方向为［２１１］，进一步还形成了许多出溶物。它们的位错密度、应力或活动性表现出前者小于后者，根据中粗粗幔成镁橄榄石及细粒重结晶或微粒变晶壳成镁橄榄石的组构特征分析它们的滑移系，前者为（０１０）［１００］，后者为（０１０）［００１］。再结合它们的赋存部位及其形成机理分析，北部与南部，深部与浅部或幔成与壳成矿物的组构或组态特征存在差异是理所当然的。这些特征之研究，对于分析铬铁矿等矿产的成矿与找矿具有一定的地质意义。     

云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体中橄榄石的矿物化学

分析了云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体主体岩石及包体中橄榄石矿物的化学成分。结果显示,不同类型岩石中橄榄石的矿物化学成分之间具有较好的线性关系;橄榄辉石岩包体中橄榄石的Fo值最高,其亚种属靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石;从霞霓钠辉岩→霓霞岩→磷霞岩,橄榄石的Fo值逐渐降低,其亚种从靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→靠近透铁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→低铁镁铁橄榄石。这些特征表明,本区三类主体岩石为岩浆结晶分异作用的产物;橄榄辉石岩包体为Ⅱ类包体,可能为杂岩体原始岩浆早期结晶分异作用所形成的堆积岩碎块。     

OH-bearing planar defects in olivine produced by the breakdown of Ti-rich humite minerals from Dabie Shan (China)

The partial breakdown of Ti-chondrodite and Ti-clinohumite during exhumation from ultra-high pressure to amphibolite facies conditions in garnet-pyroxenites from Dabie Shan (China) produces coronas of olivine coexisting with ilmenite blebs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of this newly formed olivine exhibit absorption bands in the hydroxyl-stretching region. Two intense peaks were observed at 3,564 and 3,394 cm⁻¹, identical in energy to peaks in Ti-clinohumite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the same olivine domains revealed the presence of a complex (001) planar intergrowth. These interlayers have a 1.35 nm repeat distance, which is characteristic of clinohumite. Such interlayers are also enriched in Ti with respect to the adjacent olivine as shown by energy dispersive spectrometry. The combined evidence from FTIR spectroscopy and TEM indicates that OH is incorporated along Ti-clinohumite planar defects. This study provides evidence that the nominally anhydrous phase olivine may contain OH as a humite-type defect beyond the breakdown of the hydrous humite minerals and confirms earlier suggestions that Ti plays a key role in OH incorporation in mantle olivine. We suggest that olivine containing Ti-clinohumite defects is an important phase for water transport in subduction zones and for the storage of water in cold subcontinental mantle. However, these defects are unlikely to be stable in hotter parts of the oceanic mantle such as where basaltic magmas are generated.     

云南金宝山含铂钯超镁铁质侵入体中铬铁矿的成因研究

位于扬子地台西缘的金宝山岩体赋存我国最大的独立铂族元素矿床，岩体为似层状产出的小型超镁铁岩，在时间和空间上与晚二叠纪（260Ma）峨眉山大火成岩省相关。该岩体由单辉橄榄岩、辉橄岩及橄辉岩、辉石岩异离体组成。铬铁矿以副矿物形式出现，从形态上可以分为三类：包嵌于橄榄石中的自形铬铁矿、以自形或半自形体存在于辉石中铬铁矿以及环绕结构铬铁矿。其中环绕结构铬铁矿外壁浑圆，内为棱角状，其中心为橄榄石、辉石。本文在薄片观察的基础上，结合电子探针研究，认为包嵌于橄榄石中的自形铬铁矿是在岩浆早期深部岩浆房中结晶形成的；存在于辉石中的铬铁矿则是岩浆进一步结晶演化的结果，主要为就地结晶的产物；在岩体形成的过程中，作为岩体赋存空间的堆晶相与后续岩浆持续反应，使铬铁矿不断聚集和生长，最终形成了环绕橄榄石晶体的形态。铬铁矿的生成模式进一步说明了金宝山侵入体为一岩浆通道，并且经历深部结晶分异演化。     

湘西通道地区新元古代长界橄榄辉石岩中单斜辉石矿物学特征及其板内裂谷成因论证

湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、橄榄石和斜长石,还具有少量的Ti—Fe氧化物。本文利用电子探针对江南造山带西段湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石进行了详细的矿物学研究,研究结果表明单斜辉石属于顽透辉石和普通辉石。长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石较富镁而贫铁,并且还具有高硅、贫碱、低钙的特征,其母岩浆属于拉斑玄武系列。单斜辉石温压计算结果显示,橄榄辉石岩的形成温度为1260～1383℃,压力为1.5～2.6GPa,深度为50～86km,平均深度为73km。整体来看,长界橄榄辉石岩形成的温度基本与软流圈地幔的温度(1280～1350℃)相当,其形成深度为约73km的地幔深处,且在这种温压条件下,软流圈地幔可以发生减压熔融。单斜辉石的成分特征显示示长界橄榄辉石岩是板内拉斑玄武岩,指示其构造背景为裂谷环境。另外,单斜辉石具低的Al_2O_3(0.02%～5.51%)、TiO_2(0～0.46%)和Na_2O(0.01%～1.44%)的特征,这可能是单斜辉石寄主岩石岩浆源区受到俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用所导致。结合作者和前人的研究结果,我们推测长界橄榄辉石岩源区为软流圈地幔,其形成可能与裂谷作用导致软流圈物质上涌并发生熔融有关,且在形成长界橄榄辉石岩之前,软流圈地幔已经遭受过俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用。     

新疆东天山土墩基性-超基性杂岩体橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义

橄榄石通常是玄武质岩浆最早结晶出的矿物之一,其化学成分可以很好地反演母岩浆成分、岩浆结晶分异、硫化物熔离等成岩及成矿信息。本文以土墩镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体为研究对象,采用电子探针对岩体中的橄榄石矿物颗粒进行化学成分测试。利用橄榄石的Fo值和其中Ni含量,计算得到土墩杂岩体母岩浆中Mg O含量约为12.95%,是一种富镁的玄武质岩浆。同时,定量模拟结果表明,土墩杂岩体母岩浆中硫化物熔离几乎与橄榄石结晶作用同时进行,早阶段由橄榄石结晶(分离结晶程度约2%)而导致硫化物的熔离程度为0.2%。随后,橄榄石分离结晶程度在6%~7%时,硫化物熔体的熔离程度仅为0.01%。这些表明土墩杂岩体发生过一定程度的硫化物熔离,但成矿前景不是很好。此外,部分数据显示出Ni-Fo的负相关性,表明少许富铁橄榄石和晶间硫化物熔浆发生了Fe-Ni物质交换反应,这对橄榄石的成分有重要影响。     

新疆坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义

橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74～81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75～82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6～86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174～2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38％,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了～25％的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2％～4％的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(～0.2％).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳.