Simulation of coupled pelagic-benthic ecosystem of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass

A one-dimensional coupled pelagic-benthic box model for the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） is developed. The model is divided into three boxes vertically according to the depths of thermocline and euphotic layer. It simulates well the oligotrophic shelf ecosystem of the YSCWM considering effects of nutrients deposition and microbial loop. Main features of vertical structure of various variables in ecosystem of the YSCWM were captured and seasonal variability of the ecosystem was well reconstructed. Calculation shows that the contribution of microbial loop to the zooplankton can reach up to 60%. Besides, input of inorganic nutrients from atmospheric deposition is an important mechanism of production in upper layer of the YSCWM when stratified.     

我国内陆盐碱化沼泽的功能与开发利用

在系统论述我国内陆盐碱化沼泽分布和特征基础上,分析了内陆盐碱化沼泽形成的环境背景及其多样的生态环境功能,探讨了内陆盐碱化沼泽开发利用中存在的问题,如加重区域“三化”趋势,造成区域水资源紧张等。为内陆盐碱化沼泽的可持续发展和合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

煤中惰质组在泥炭沼泽古环境研究中的应用

惰质组是煤中一种常见的显微组分。它不仅能用来鉴别成煤前植物的木炭化程度,而且还是泥炭沼泽古环境恢复的有效途径。近年来,欧洲学者利用惰质组成功推算了地史时期三叠纪—侏罗纪之交(T—J)的古火灾温度及类型,并重建了古植被类型及泥炭沼泽古生态环境变化。与其它方法相比,利用煤中惰质组含量及其反射率进行古环境恢复的工作对于植物种类繁多、沉积岩层中夹杂的煤层或煤炭、尤其对于古气候环境波动较大的地质转折时期最为理想。因此,利用惰质组的部分参数对我国含煤沉积盆地的古生态恢复以及成煤环境的研究有积极的借鉴意义。     

Recent changes in the spring microplankton of Lake Baikal,Russia

Lake Baikal is facing several environmental stressors, including climate change and nearshore eutrophication. To assess recent ecological changes in Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2016 and compared these data with unpublished and published historical information going back to 1990. In 2016, one pelagic long-term monitoring station was sampled in early spring (March) during ice cover and 21 long-term monitoring stations located throughout the lake were sampled in late spring (May-June). We measured water chemistry parameters at most stations and the abundance, taxonomic composition and biomass of bacteria, ciliates and phytoplankton at several locations in different areas of the lake. Biotic parameters from 2016 were compared with historical data, showing significant changes in the spring pelagic microbial community since the 1990s. We show increased quantities of small species, mixotrophic ciliates, and the appearance (or increasing number) of small coloured and colourless flagellates. We also show substantially decreased densities of formerly dominant heavily silicified diatoms such as Aulacoseira spp. Since 2007, Synedra acus subsp. radians, a smaller and weakly silicified diatom, has dominated the spring plankton of the lake. These results suggest that Lake Baikal’s pelagic plankton community may be changing, with climate likely playing a dominant role in these changes.     

THE ECOLOGICAL FEATURES AND ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF A MIRE IN CHINA

A mire as an ecosystem, usually is considered as an aquatic ecosystem,or a terrestrial ecosystem. The author thinks that mire is a special ecosystem between these two ecosystems, and proposes the new concept that a mire is a natural ecosystem with transitional nature of semi-water and semi-land formed by water and land interaction. The paper discusses the nature of the mire ecosystem, the exploitation and utilization and ecological construction of a mire.     

大兴安岭地区森林沼泽生态系统火生态效应研究

于１９９０年５月－１９９３年１０月，为查清火灾对森林沼泽生态系统，采取野外面上考察与定位观测，野外实验与室内分析化验，定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，在阿木尔林业局长缨林场、红旗林场选取观测点进行森林沼泽生态系统火生态效应的对比观测与实验。     

长白山圆池泥炭沼泽演变及环境信息记录

通过分析长白山圆池泥炭剖面总有机碳含量、总正构烷烃含量、奇偶优势指数、(C23+C25)含量和2C31/(C27+C29)比值,讨论了泥炭发育不同时期植物输入情况,同时结合210Pb测年建立的年代序列来探讨该区的气候变化规律.研究结果显示,约1400年前,气候干冷,圆池尚没有出现沼泽化;1400年开始,气候稍暖,少量植物输入,圆池开始沼泽化;约从1860年至今,气候逐步转暖,大量植物输入,圆池沼泽化速度加快.     

中国1∶400万沼泽图的编制研究

中国 1∶4 0 0万沼泽图是我国第一幅大范围的沼泽图件。本图及其附图以地图图像的形式 ,形象地、系统地总结和反映了我国有关单位近 4 0年来在沼泽方面的研究成果 ,表现了我国及主要典型区的沼泽及诏泽化土地的类型、特征、形成及其分布规律。重点反映适合我国沼泽特点并具有新观点的分类体系和分区体系。全国沼泽分类体系被分为四级 :类 (第一级 )、亚类 (第二级 )、型 (第三级 )、组 (第四级 )。全国沼泽化土地的分类系统也相应分为四级。主图表示沼泽和沼泽化土地的前三级类型 ,在作为插图 (2幅 )和附图 (4幅 )的典型区沼泽图 (1∶2 0万～ 1∶15 0万 )上侧重表示第四级类型。另一幅插图为《中国沼泽分区图》(1∶2 5 0 0万 ) ,全国被分为 8个沼泽区和 4 0个沼泽亚区。中国 1∶4 0 0万沼泽图采用综合图型 ,范围法与符号法 (分级定位符号 )相结合的表现方法 ,室内制图资料综合分析利用与野外验正和缩编相结合的编绘方法。     

The main meteorological factors of formation and development of mire meadow of Qinghai Lake drainage area

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小兴安岭东部9.0 ka B.P.以来沼泽发育与古环境演变研究

对迄今为止所发现的小兴安岭东部全新世最早发育的沼泽剖面进行14 C测年、孢粉分析、粘土矿物分析、泥炭植物残体鉴定 ,根据获得的信息 ,综合分析 ,相互印证 ,研究了 9.0kaB .P .以来沼泽发育、植被演替、气候变化与古地理环境演变过程。结果表明 ,本区植被演替经历五个阶段 ,即针叶林 (90 0 0aB .P .～ 830 0aB .P .)→针阔混交林 (830 0aB .P .～ 6 80 0aB .P .)→以栎、榆、胡桃为主阔叶林 (6 80 0aB .P .～ 30 5 0aB .P .)→以桦为主阔叶林 (30 5 0aB .P .～ 2 35 0aB .P .)→以松为主的针阔混交林 (2 35 0aB .P .～ 0aB .P .)。与之相对应 ,气候变化序列为 :寒冷较湿→温和略湿→温暖湿润→温凉较湿→冷凉湿润 ;沼泽发育也相应地可划分为五个时期 :沼泽孕育期 ,富营养沼泽萌发期 ,富营养沼泽旺盛发育期和中营养沼泽孕育期 ,沼泽进一步扩大发育期和中营养沼泽形成期 ,沼泽继续扩大发育期和贫营养沼泽形成期。沼泽最早开始发育始于年代为 70 95± 90aB .P .。汤洪岭 12支线沼泽剖面可作为该区全新统的标准剖面