Changes in the mode of Southern Ocean circulation over the last glacial cycle revealed by foraminiferal stable isotopic variability

Benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Southern Ocean sediment cores show that during the last glacial period, the South Atlantic sector of the deep Southern Ocean filled to roughly 2500 m with water uniformly low in δ¹³C, resulting in the appearance of a strong mid-depth nutricline similar to those observed in glacial northern oceans. Concomitantly, deep water isotopic gradients developed between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean; the δ¹³C of benthic foraminifera in Pacific sediments remained significantly higher than those in the Atlantic during the glacial episode. These two observations help to define the extent of what has become known as the ‘Southern Ocean low δ¹³C problem’. One explanation for this glacial distribution of δ¹³C calls upon surface productivity overprints or changes in the microhabitat of benthic foraminifera to lower glacial age δ¹³C values. We show here, however, that glacial-interglacial δ¹³C shifts are similarly large everywhere in the deep South Atlantic, regardless of productivity regime or sedimentary environment. Furthermore, the degree of isotopic decoupling between the Atlantic and Pacific basins is proportional to the magnitude of δ¹³C change in the Atlantic on all time scales. Thus, we conclude that the profoundly altered distribution of δ¹³C in the glacial Southern Ocean is most likely the result of deep ocean circulation changes. While the characteristics of the Southern Ocean δ¹³C records clearly point to reduced North Atlantic Deep Water input during glacial periods, the basinal differences suggest that the mode of Southern Ocean deep water formation must have been altered as well.     

中国耕地有机质含量变化对土地生产力影响的定量研究

在土地持续利用与管理研究中，土地质量变化对土地生产力影响的定量研究是核心内容之一。借助新古典经济学的生产函数法，构建了我国耕地的生产函数模型，定量模拟了我国耕地有机质含量变化的边际产出率性和边际生产力。初步结果表明，由于我国长期存在耕过度利用导致有机质含量及肥力下降问题，当前提高耕地质量的增产潜力十分可观。     

阜新矿区地面塌陷灾害对土地生产力的影响

在研究地面塌陷对一个地区的影响时，一般只侧重于其对建筑物、铁路的影响，而对土地生产力影响的探讨和研究还不够深入。对于阜新矿区来说，地面塌陷对该区土地生产力的影响更是空白，前期的工作仅仅侧重于地面塌陷的调查，如果就地面塌陷对土地生产力的影响做一决的概括和分析，无疑会给今后治理由地面塌陷带来的灾害提供借鉴作用。本文结合大量实测、实算数据，应用土地复理论与方法对地面塌陷引起的土地侵蚀、土壤盐碱化、土壤湿度、土壤质量水平等四个方面做了较为系统的阐述，并对灾害的治理提出了见解。     

内蒙古达茂旗北部奥陶纪花岗岩类特征及其构造意义

研究区奥陶纪花岗岩分布于乌兰布拉格 -哥舍深大断裂 (槽台断裂 )以北 ,岩石类型主要有闪长岩、石英闪长岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石中 Si O2 质量分数为 5 6.76%～ 69.2 4 % ,Al2 O3较高 (多 >1 6% ) ,富 Na2 O贫 K2 O,A/ CNK均 <1 .1 ,为准铝质的钙碱性岩石系列。稀土总量普遍较低 ,为 (63 .4 1～ 1 4 0 .61 )× 1 0 - 6 ,轻重稀土分馏强烈 ,铕异常不明显 (δEu=0 .95～1 .2 2 6)。痕量元素特征与典型的火山弧花岗岩相似。结合区域地质背景 ,认为该套花岗岩类为与洋壳消减有关的岛弧型花岗岩 ,岩浆起源于加厚陆壳的底部。从花岗岩的分布及迁移规律推测 ,华北陆块与其北缘增生带之间的早古生代洋壳可能是由南西向北东的斜向消减     

Isotopic Tracing of Trophication Processes over the Last Millennia on Lake Chenghai

Multi-parameter studies (stable isotopes in carbonate and organic matter, pigment,organic carbon and nitrogen contents) from a 660-yr continuous sediment core from Lake Cheng-hai, a closed, eutropic lake in southern China, provide information on lake historical eutrophi-cation. During the last 660 years, great changes have taken place in productivity and eutrophi-cation of Lake Chenghai in response to human activities. In 1690, the productivity of the lakebegan to increase as Lake Chenghai became closed from agriculture in the lake‘‘ s watershed. In 1942, Lake Chenghai evolved to eutrophic state, marked by an increase in organic carbon, ni-trogen, CaC03, pigment contents and obvious negative values of stable isotopes, which is more or less simultaneous with the large-scale population immigration during the period. In 1984, in-tensive human activities induced modern lacustrine productivity and eutrophic level. Human-in-duced trophic changes during the past few decades have affected the Lake Chenghai ecosystem tosuch an extent that it has never experienced before in the last 660 years.     

大洋多金属结核研究概况

从多金属结核的分布及富集规律、物质成分、内部结构、形成机制等方面论述了目前国内外的一些研究动态,对目前在这一研究领域提出的一些新概念、新方法作了一定的介绍.在分析和总结前人研究成果的基础上,指出了在这一研究领域还存在的一些问题及今后研究的方向.     

等离子体发射光谱法直接测定海洋沉积物中的微量稀土元素

应用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对海洋沉积物中微量稀土元素的测定进行了研究，选择了最佳的仪器工作条件，采用多谱线拟合技术进行校正，样品的加标回收率为94．0％-110．0％。方法采用海底沉积物国家一级标准物质进行验证，测定结果与标准值较吻合，各元素10次测定的RSD≤11．3％。     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜钼矿地球化学异常特征

驱龙铜矿发育多元素的岩石地球化学异常.成矿元素Cu、Mo、(Ag)异常强、规模大,异常与矿化区一致;伴生元素Au、Bi、Pb、As、Sb、Hg异常在Cu、Mo异常边部并套合产出的B Co、Ni Mn Zn的异常主要分布铜钼矿化带外侧.Na₂O在矿化区显示负异常,K₂O为正异常.从异常元素组合、水平分带性和贫Na₂O、富K₂O的成矿环境表明,矿床属典型的斑岩型铜矿地球化学特征,并受到了强烈的剥蚀.     

The colonization of periphytic diatom species on artificial substrates in the Ashar canal, Basrah, Iraq

Studies have been conducted between March 1993 and March 1994 in the Ashar canal, a backwater of the Shatt al-Arab River, Iraq. Using artificial substrates, the colonization and development of seventy-five diatom species belonging to twenty genera could be revealed. Taxa apportionment varied seasonally as well as within each season. A few species have been found during all experiments. These are Amphora ovalis, Bacillaria paradoxa, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cymbella ventricosa, Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides, Rhoicosphenia curvata, and Synedra ulna. The occurrence of B. paradoxa in Experiment 1 (March-April 1993) and Experiment 4 (end of January to beginning of March 1994) was higher than 50%. Similarity of species increased towards the end of each season, and the communities from experiments 1 and 4 were more similar than others. The experiments also suggest that week 4 represents the equilibrium phase while week 6 reflects the increase in biological interactions. The results could also indicate the sequence of primary colonizers and the community development towards the equilibrium.     

GPS精密定位中的海潮位移改正

根据海洋负荷潮理论，利用NAO99b全球海潮模型，计算了中国部分IGS站的海潮位移改正，并将海潮位移改正应用到GPS数据处理当中。在GAMIT软件的解算过程中，分别按加入和不加入海潮位移改正，对GPS基线分量和测站坐标分别进行了计算和比较分析。结果表明，海潮位移改正无论是对GPS基线分量还是对测站坐标，都有一定的影响。