土地资源错配对中国城市工业绿色全要素生产率的影响

基于价格扭曲效应拓展资源错配模型,使用中国285个城市2004-2017年的工业投入产出数据,测算土地资源错配导致的城市工业绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)损失,并分析其时空变化.结果 表明:①土地资源错配对中国城市工业GTFP损失的年均贡献率为10.05％,已与能源错配并列成为继资本错配之后城市工业GTFP损失的重要贡献...     

水稻灌区节水灌溉的尺度效应

探讨了节水灌溉尺度问题,指出产生节水灌溉尺度现象的原因是由于灌溉过程中回归水的重复利用.结合漳河灌区的实际,讨论了水稻种植区在不同尺度下的水平衡要素及其在节水尺度效应中的作用;说明随尺度的增大,水平衡过程变得复杂化,节水尺度效应现象也更突出.利用漳河灌区田间试验数据和灌区长系列的历史资料,分别从田间、中等、灌溉干渠和灌区共四个尺度,定量地分析了水稻节水灌溉对水分生产率以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明,节水灌溉技术的采用不仅可以提高田间尺度的灌溉水分生产率,也促进了漳河灌区灌溉水分生产率的整体上升.     

弹性椭球地球模型的海潮效应

本文推证了比较完整的弹性椭球地球模型的海潮负荷理论和计算公式,它对弹性球型地球模型海潮效应计算的发展起了一定的作用。     

A fast inversion method for ocean parameters based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone

The dispersion characteristics of shallow water can be described by the dispersion curves, which contain substantial ocean parameter information. A fast ocean parameter inversion method based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone is presented in this paper. The method is achieved through Bayesian theory. Several sets of dispersion curves extracted from measured data are used as the input function. The inversion is performed by matching a replica calculated with a dispersion formula. The bottom characteristics can be described by the bottom reflection phase shift parameter P. The propagation range and the depth can be inverted quickly when the seabed parameters are represented by on parameter P. The inversion results improve the inversion efficiency of the seabed parameters. Consequently, the inversion efficiency and accuracy are improved while the number of inversion parameters is decreased and the computational speed of replica is increased. The inversion results have lower error than the reference values, and the dispersion curves calculated with inversion parameters are also in good agreement with extracted curves from measured data; thus, the effectiveness of the inversion method is demonstrated.     

遥感物候学研究进展

植物物候现象是环境条件季节和年际变化最直观、最敏感的生物指示器,其发生时间可以反映陆地生态系统对气候变化的快速响应.近年来,遥感物候观测因其具有多时相、覆盖范围广、空间连续、时间序列较长等特点,已成为揭示植被动态对全球气候变化响应与反馈的重要手段.文章在介绍植物物候遥感监测的数据集及其预处理方法的基础上.从植物物候生长季节的划分、植物物候与气候变化、植物物候与净初级生产量、植物物候与土地覆盖、植物物候与农作物估产等方面系统阐述了近5年来国内外遥感物候学研究的重要进展,并针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出近期遥感物候研究的主要方向:(1)发展一种更具普适性的物候生长季节划分方法;(2)通过开展植物群落的物候观测和选择合适的尺度转换方法,统一地面与遥感的空间信息;(3)定量分析植物物候变化对人类活动的响应机制;(4)选择适宜的数学方法和模型,实现各种不同分辨率遥感数据的融合;(5)通过动态模拟,预测植物物候对未来气候变化的响应.     

海底可控源电磁测量电路的Linux驱动程序

国外的水合物探测试验证明,可控源电磁法是探测天然气水合物的有效方法之一.开展海底可控源电磁法工作的重点之一在于研制高精度、高可靠、低功耗观测海底可控源电磁信号的设备.为可靠地观测海底可控源电磁场宽频带、大动态范围信号,设计了以Linux与ARM9相结合的测量电路,并开发了Linux2.4内核下的设备驱动程序.本文分别论述了采集硬件原理,Linux字符设备驱动模型,SSC和GPS对钟驱动实例.     

勒夫波群速度频散与太平洋地壳及上地幔三维构造

应用现代适配滤波频时分析技术对SRO/GDSN长周期面波记录进行处理,获得穿过太平洋盆地的117条波路径的勒夫波频散数据。我们用改进的分格频散反演方法,从混合路径频散数据中提取出对应于构成整个太平洋盆地的10°×10°分格的纯路径频散数据。所获得的18s到215s范围内的28个周期的太平洋勒夫波群速度的横向分布,揭示了速度随海底年龄的增大而逐渐增加的总趋势,以及其它变化细节。例如,对于同一等年龄线区而言,北太平洋及南太平洋的群速度要比中太平洋的低0.1—0.3km/s。在分格模型反演的基础上得出的深至300km的三维剪切波速度结构提供了太平洋盆地地壳及上地幔横向不均匀性的详尽的描述。     

兴蒙造山带中与古亚洲洋演化有关的成矿系统初步研究

古亚洲洋演化过程中在兴蒙造山带中形成了大量金属矿床。早古生代早期,古亚洲洋向北俯冲,形成了奥陶纪多宝山-铜山斑岩Cu-Au成矿系统;早古生代晚期,古亚洲洋向南俯冲并形成了晚奥陶世白乃庙Cu-Mo-Au成矿系统和志留纪别鲁乌图海底喷流块状硫化物成矿系统。古亚洲洋在晚古生代早期向北俯冲,形成了晚泥盆世欧玉陶勒盖Cu-Au成矿系统。基本同时,古亚洲洋向南俯冲,形成了晚泥盆世哈达门沟Mo成矿系统。早石炭世,研究区构造体制从岛弧环境逐渐转变为陆内伸展环境,并在此过程中形成了豆荚状铬铁矿成矿系统和小型斑岩Mo-Cu成矿系统。     

Late Quaternary record of Indian summer monsoon-induced stratification and productivity collapse in the Andaman Sea

During each summer monsoon, the northeastern Indian Ocean receives a huge amount of rain and river discharge, resulting in strong stratification and prevalence of oligotrophic conditions. These water column changes impact upper ocean productivity which is reflected in the planktonic foraminifera distribution, providing an opportunity to study the effect of monsoon forcing and stratification history. Analogous to modern-day stratification, very intense water column stratification and productivity collapse were observed associated with Indian summer monsoon (ISM) evolution. This paper reports significant stratification events during MIS 3 (37.0 to 33 and 27 to 24 cal ka), Bølling/Allerød (B/A), early Holocene (10.0 to 8.0 cal ka) and mid-Holocene (7.0 to 5.0 cal ka) which slowly muted upwelling and productivity. The deglacial intensification of the ISM started in the early stages of the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) followed by slight weakening during the Younger Dryas and regained strength during the early Holocene, coinciding with the highest summer insolation at 30°N. A progressive decline in the abundances of productivity and salinity proxies from 4.2 to 2.0 cal ka suggests a gradual weakening of the ISM. The late Quaternary productivity variations in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea are primarily controlled by salinity-related stratification.     

Review of Global Ocean Intermediate Water Masses: 1.Part A, the Neutral Density Surface (the ‘McDougall Surface’) as a Study Frame for Water-Mass Analysis

1Preface Todescribeoceanicintermediatewatermasses,itis necessarytohaveawell definedstudyframeorsurfacebecauseofthefluctuationnatureofintermediatewa ters.Itiswellunderstoodthatoceanicwater mass mixingdoesnotalignwitheitheraconstantgeopoten tialdepthorapropertysurfacesuchastemperature,salinity,pressureanddensitysurfacesbutfollowsa neutraldensitysurface.Thisisbecauseawaterparcelmovesasmalldistanceisentropicallyandadiabaticallyontheneutraldensitysurfacewithoutdoingworka gainstabuoyantrestoringforc…