Nitrogen uptake and primary productivity rates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB)

Nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, and nitrogen uptake rates were measured in coastal waters of the Mid-Atlantic Bight over a two-year period that included measurements from all four seasons. In order to assess carbon productivity and nitrogen demand within the context of the physical environment, the region was divided into three distinct hydrographic regimes: the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay outflow plumes (PL), the southern Mid-Atlantic shelf influenced by the Gulf Stream (SS), and the mid-shelf area to the north of the Chesapeake Bay mouth (MS). Annual areal rates of total nitrogen (N) uptake were similar across all regions (10.9 ± 2.1 mol N m⁻² y⁻¹). However, annual areal rates of net primary productivity were higher in the outflow plume region (43 mol C m⁻² y⁻¹), than along the Mid-Atlantic shelf and in areas influenced by the Gulf Stream (41 and 34 mol C m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively). Rates of net primary productivity were not well correlated with Chl a concentrations and were uncoupled with net N uptake rates. Seasonally averaged annual areal rates of net primary productivity for the Mid-Atlantic Bight measured in this study were higher than those calculated in previous decades and provide important validation information for biogeochemical models and satellite remote sensing algorithms developed for the region.     

大洋海区海-气CO_2通量单参数遥感算法的适用性检验

利用卫星遥感技术的优势,基于LDEO数据库的全球海表二氧化碳分压（PCO2）及海表温度（SST）等实测数据,初步建立东太平洋海区PCO2与SST的单参数经验算法,并采用相同区域的独立实测数据检验.结果表明,单参数算法在寡营养大洋海区具有良好的适用性,反演值与实测值之间的均方根误差（RMS）为0.51 Pa（1 Pa=9.869μatm）,由此估算出2003年6月该海域CO2通量为-1.4 mmol/（m2.d）,与实测估算的碳通量基本相符,能够很好地反映出海区CO2源汇特征.将该遥感算法运用到西大西洋海域（15°~25°N,60°~75°W）,反演值与实测值之间均方根误差（RMS）为0.69 Pa.检验结果表明,在寡营养大洋海区,单参数遥感算法具有一定的适用性,在受相似因子调控的同纬度海区可以使用同一遥感算法.     

数字海洋可视化系统研究与实现

球体模型系统是目前GIS领域的研究热点,它以强大的空间数据管理能力,丰富直观的信息表现能力迅速成为空间信息集成共享的有力平台.以Skyline软件平台为基础,介绍了数字海洋可视化系统的体系架构、功能设计和技术实现方法.实践应用表明,该系统在多源海洋信息可视化集成共享方面具有良好的应用前景.     

海洋信息组织与存储模型研究及其在"数字海洋"中的应用

基于中国数字海洋建设的经验和成果,制定了海洋数据要素的分类方案,将海洋信息分为5大类:海洋点要素、海洋线要素、海洋面要素、海洋网格要素、海洋动态要素.采用基于特征的方法和面向对象的技术设计了适合数字海洋大型信息系统工程建设的时空数据模型,探讨了海洋空间数据模型、海洋立体格网数据模型、关系数据模型在数字海洋数据仓库建设中...     

海洋标准评估方法研究

科学评估海洋标准是提高海洋标准质量的重要手段.分析了影响海洋标准评估因素确定的条件,建立海洋标准评估指标体系与评价集.利用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对海洋标准进行评估,定量评估了海洋标准的质量.该方法为建立科学的、操作性强的标准评估体系提供研究基础,有利于完善对海洋标准质量的控制,提高海洋标准的管理水平.     

基于PHC3.0数据集的北冰洋水团分析

基于PHC3.0极地科学中心水文气候数据集(简称PHC3.0数据集)的温度和盐度资料,使用聚类分析和Bayes判别分析的方法,对北纬70°以北海域的水团结构进行了分析,在北冰洋区域划分出4个水团:北冰洋表层水(ASW)、大西洋中层水(AIW)、太平洋水(PW)和北冰洋深层水(ADW)。北冰洋表层水(ASW)遍布于欧亚海盆和加拿大海盆,以低温低盐为特征。大西洋中层水(AIW)位于约200～900m深度,在北冰洋环极边界流的作用下,其影响可达到加拿大海盆。太平洋水(PW)受经白令海峡进入北冰洋的海水影响,相对高温低盐,夏季时影响显著。北冰洋深层水(ADW)在海盆中相当均匀,几乎没有季节变化,盐度约在34.95psu,温度在加拿大海盆约为-0.3℃,欧亚海盆约为-0.7℃。     

四川夏塞银铅锌多金属矿床1号矿体原生晕地球化学特征

四川夏塞银铅锌多金属矿床位于西南"三江"义敦岛弧构造带中段,是与绒伊措岩体密切相关的浅成中低温热液型银铅锌矿床。对夏塞矿区1号矿体9个中段采样分析,通过数理统计分析、分带序列研究、地球化学参数计算、建立剥蚀模型等方法,系统详细地研究了矿体原生晕地球化学特征。研究表明:(1)1号矿体原生晕找矿的主要指示元素:Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Sb、Hg、Cd、Sn,次要指示元素:Bi、W、B、As、Au、Mn;(2)原生晕轴向分带序列为:Hg-Pb-Bi-Sn-Cd-Zn-Cu-As-Ag-W-Au-Sb-Ba-V-Mo-Mn,出现"反分带"现象;(3)成矿过程存在多次叠加,轴向地球化学参数变化曲折,出现多次转折,反应成矿过程复杂。综合各项特征,推测1号矿体深部可能有盲矿存在。     

Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.     

构造变形对煤储层孔隙结构与比表面积的影响研究

煤的孔隙结构和比表面积不仅影响煤层气吸附与储集能力,而且对气体渗流和扩散有重要的控制作用。通过对芦岭煤矿8,9煤层煤样低温液氮实验,对比分析了原生结构煤和不同变形强度构造煤的孔隙结构与比表面积的变化。结果表明,构造煤的比表面积和总孔体积平均值是原生结构煤的2.95倍和3.84倍。随着煤体韧性变形强度增加,构造煤的比表面积逐渐增大,微孔占比增加,小孔和中孔占比较少,总孔体积变化以糜棱煤为界呈现先增加后减小的特点。     

Marine debris surveys at Volunteer Beach, Falkland Islands, during the summer of 2001/02

This survey evaluated the monthly accumulation rate of marine debris and the types of objects washed ashore at Volunteer Beach on East Falkland between October 2001 and March 2002. The mean (±SD) accumulation rate of marine debris was 77 ± 25 items/km/month, of a mean weight of 17.3 ± 12 kg. Forty different objects were collected and the five most frequent items were cotton fabric, string, polystyrene packing sheet, plastic packing tape and broken plastic pieces. The debris on Volunteer Beach was dominated by fishing debris; 42% of the items were discarded fishing equipment, while 39% of the items were of a packaging or associated nature. The mostly likely source of this household waste was fishing vessels, with Falkland Islands Government (FIG) fisheries observers seeing 27 of the 40 items of debris collected from Volunteer Beach being discarded from fishing vessels. It is suggested that, although further marine debris research is warranted, more effective at-sea ship waste disposal regulations are required in Falkland waters to reduce environmental and economic threats both at the local and international level.