上海地区基于静力触探的液化判别分析

上海地区(及其他软土地区)以静探触探作为岩土工程勘察的主要原位测试手段,积累了大量的工程数据,其结果稳定可靠,重现性好,具客观性。采用上海地区静探液化判别方法,对收集的大量资料进行统计分析,以期通过静探Ps值快速、简单地作出地基土是否液化的初步判断,有效指导勘察设计工作。     

Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections

As reported in former studies, temperature observations obtained by expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and mechanical bathythermographs (MBTs) appear to have positive biases as much as they affect major climate signals. These biases have not been fully taken into account in previous ocean temperature analyses, which have been widely used to detect global warming signals in the oceans. This report proposes a methodology for directly eliminating the biases from the XBT and MBT observations. In the case of XBT observation, assuming that the positive temperature biases mainly originate from greater depths given by conventional XBT fall-rate equations than the truth, a depth bias equation is constructed by fitting depth differences between XBT data and more accurate oceanographic observations to a linear equation of elapsed time. Such depth bias equations are introduced separately for each year and for each probe type. Uncertainty in the gradient of the linear equation is evaluated using a non-parametric test. The typical depth bias is +10 m at 700 m depth on average, which is probably caused by various indeterminable sources of error in the XBT observations as well as a lack of representativeness in the fall-rate equations adopted so far. Depth biases in MBT are fitted to quadratic equations of depth in a similar manner to the XBT method. Correcting the historical XBT and MBT depth biases by these equations allows a historical ocean temperature analysis to be conducted. In comparison with the previous temperature analysis, large differences are found in the present analysis as follows: the duration of large ocean heat content in the 1970s shortens dramatically, and recent ocean cooling becomes insignificant. The result is also in better agreement with tide gauge observations. On leave from the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency.     

南黄海表层沉积物天然湿容重和含水量的分布及其与粒度之间的关系

本文论述了南黄海表层沉积物天然湿容重和含水量的分布,并利用回归分析的方法讨论了容重和含水量与粒度之间的关系。结果表明,容重和含水量与粘土粒级相关性最好,容重与粘土粒级含量(相似文献   

闽浙沿岸海域沉积物中汞和甲基汞的含量分布及其影响因素

在2012年6月实施的国家自然科学基金春季航次中,采集了闽浙沿岸海域表层和岩心沉积物样品。对沉积物样品进行了汞和甲基汞的分析测试,并结合沉积物中常量元素含量、粒度组分、有机质含量和孔隙水中硫酸根离子浓度等系统地分析了汞和甲基汞含量的分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)闽浙沿岸海域沉积物中汞和甲基汞含量分布大致表现为近岸含量高(杭州湾以南浙江沿岸),远岸含量低的特点。泥质区岩心沉积物中汞的甲基化作用主要发生在近表层较小的深度范围内(泥质区北部和南部,其深度范围分别为0~15和0~13 cm)。(2)在闽浙近岸泥质区,汞的原位甲基化是甲基汞的主要来源,在成岩过程中,埋深或其他环境条件的变化可以导致甲基汞的转移或再分配。(3)影响沉积物中汞和甲基汞含量分布及甲基化作用强弱的因素主要包括人为污染、海流体系、粒级组成、有机质含量和硫酸盐还原菌活性。人为污染是沉积物中汞含量的主控因素;海流体系控制着汞含量的分布格局;粒级组成影响着甲基汞的富集程度;有机质对表层沉积物中汞的甲基化作用影响不明显,在岩心沉积物中,既可以促进汞的甲基化,也可以抑制汞的甲基化,主要取决于沉积物中有机质的类型;硫酸盐还原菌的活化能力是汞甲基化作用的主控因素之一。     

The preliminary study of the high chlorophyll in the central Bohai Sea in summer

In the central Bohai Sea, both historical data and in situ observations show that the distribution of high chlorophyll concentration is consistent with warm water. The previous studies confirm that the warm water is caused by a joint effect of wave and tidal mixing. In this paper, the authors have coupled the Princeton ocean model (POM) with a biochemical model to further investigate the formation of the high chlorophyll concentration. When the wave mixing is excluded, the water temperature is lower and the chlorophyll concentration is also lower than the observation. However, if the wave mixing is included, strong wave mixing in the upper layer brings the warm water downward and nutrients upward so that both temperature and nutrients tend to be uniformly high from the surface to the bottom. This provides an environment which is favorable for the growth of the phytoplankton. Therefore the chlorophyll concentration, as a symbol of phytoplankton, shows high value in the central Bohai Sea. In conclusion, the wave mixing plays an important role in the formation of high chlorophyll concentration in the central Bohai Sea.     

不同粘粒含量粉质土动孔压发展模式试验研究

以黄河三角洲粉质土为研究对象,采用动三轴试验方法,探讨不同粘粒含量对粉质土孔压发展变化的影响,给出不同粘粒质量分数的粉质土动孔压的发展模式,并对动孔压发展模式表达式中的系数进行讨论。结果表明,动孔压发展模式公式中b值代表了粘粒质量分数对土体孔隙水压力发展的影响,9％为不同粘粒质量分数土体孔隙水压力发展的拐点,拐点前后孔隙水压力的发展模式不同。     

Relationship between phytoplankton composition and environmental factors in the surface waters of southern South China Sea in early summer of 2009

Horizontal distributions of phytoplankton abundance,species composition as well as environmental factors were investigated in the surface waters of southern South China Sea(SCS) in early summer(May 16 to June 7) of 2009.In most areas of southern SCS,the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were very low and DIN/DIP ratios usually were lower than the Redfield N/P Ratio of 16:1.Nitrogen nutrients were significant lower in the upwelling region off Vietnam.A total of 144 taxa of phytoplankton were identified in the study area.The dominant genera were Prorocentrum,Gonyaulax,Gyrodinium,Scrippsiella and Chaetoceros,respectively.Spatial patterns of early-summer phytoplankton abundance and species composition should be mainly controlled by the upwelling off Vietnam and the discharge of Mekong River in the southern SCS.Diatoms dominated in the nutritious Mekong River Estuary or upwelling region off Vietnam;while dinoflagellates dominated in the oligotrophic pelagic region.The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicates that most of diatoms favor higher levels of silicate and phosphorus,as well as lower temperature;while most of dinoflagellates favor the lower silicate and phosphorous and higher temperature.Correlation and CCA results indicate that silicate,nitrate and temperature were the most relevant environmental factors to regulate the horizontal pattern of early-summer phytoplankton in the surface waters of southern SCS.     

九龙江流域水葫芦打捞去除水体营养盐模型研究

水葫芦被收获时,水体中的营养盐也将包含在植物组织中而被去除.本研究首先通过野外实验和参考国内外有关文献,建立了九龙江流域水葫芦生长数学模型和持续生产模型,确定了模型的各有关参数:水葫芦生长容量K值为25.6 kg/m2、最大生长速率rmax为0.12d-1;水体中氮和磷的半饱和系数hN和hP值分别为0.2和0.03;水葫芦最低生长温度(mθin)为7℃,最适水温(oθpt)为30℃,最高生长温度(θmax)为40℃.随后采用所建立的模型计算了研究区水葫芦打捞的营养盐去除效果,研究区面积6 000m2的水体实施水葫芦打捞策略后,1a所能收获的水葫芦最大产量为9.18×105kg,去除的TP为214.4kg,TN为966.6kg.     

秋茄缺绿和正常植株叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿体结构

本文研究了秋茄正常和缺绿幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿体结构,结果表明,缺绿植株叶片中叶绿素a,b及总量均远低于正常植株叶片,它们的含量均不到正常植株叶片的10％,缺绿叶片的叶绿体结构也与正常叶片存在着较大的差异,缺绿片叶绿体中没有基粒堆,几乎没有淀粉体,嗜锇体数目也比较少,但存在着类囊体。