鄂尔多斯盆地中部油气聚集区带地球化学特征研究

鄂尔多斯盆地中部存在明显的、东西方向的地球化学异常区带，异常区带有异常范围大、强度高和分布有序等特征，是地下油气信息的反映。从化探烃类指标浓度变化、比值特征和三维荧光图谱特征等方面对异常进行了研究，并结合本区的构造特征和石油地质条件对异常的形成进行了分析，证实了化探异常的形成与盆地中部的大型东西向构造带和东西向气聚集区具有密切的关系，对天然气的勘探具有参考价值。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的油气运聚分析

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷是一个以白垩系沉积为主的陆相断陷区。采用条件分析法,对贝尔凹陷的油气运聚条件及其成藏的基本模式进行了系统研究,认为,贝尔凹陷在剖面上有3套成藏组合,其中中部成藏组合最佳;在平面上可分为5个运聚系统,其中以位于凹陷西北部的3个系统为最佳。该凹陷不同构造部位的运聚条件相差较大,生烃洼陷深部位的油气运移以砂岩储集层和断裂为主要输导通道,构造高部位的油气运移以断裂为主,而两者之间的油气输导则以不整合面和断裂为主。在油气运聚和成藏模式分析的基础上,认为贝尔凹陷油气运聚的有利条件主要包括生油凹陷有充足的油源、生油区内有继承性发育的圈闭构造以及各运聚要素间存在良好的时空配置关系3个方面。     

单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素

建立了用单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素的方法。珊瑚礁样品经酸溶解后,直接进行Ca、Mg、K、Na、V、Sr、Ba、Co、Ni、Pb、Li、Rb的测定,方法检出限为0.0004～0.1mg/L,精密度RSD<5%(n=6),样品的加标回收率为97%～105%。测定w(CaO)为50%的样品,结果与传统的EDTA容量法相符。方法经碳酸盐岩石国家一级标准物质验证可行,已用于大批量的珊瑚礁样品的测定。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的碳同位素组成特征

通过对辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的饱和烃、芳烃的碳同位素组成特征、原油同位素类型和单体烃同位素特征进行研究 ,发现整个东部凹陷原油及其组分的碳同位素值偏重 ,指示其源岩有机质中藻类和低等水生生物的贡献较少 ;饱和烃—芳烃的碳同位素值关系揭示东部凹陷大部分原油样品与沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的特征相近 ,而南部和北部地区少数样品表现出负的碳同位素异常 ,与该区中生界源岩样品的接近 ,推测原油中可能混入了中生界来源的油气。南部地区各样品的碳同位素类型曲线和单体烃的碳同位素曲线均相似 ,揭示了两者具相同的油气来源。北部地区各原油样品的单体烃的碳同位素类型曲线间具有相似的分布特征 ,但茨榆坨地区的原油样品的碳同位素值比牛居地区的系统偏轻 ,可能是成熟度相对较低引起的 ,表明茨榆坨地区原油具有早期成藏的特征。原油的碳同位素组成特征是研究油气来源和成藏特征分析的一种重要手段。     

Atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the North Sea: effect on productivity

The ANICE (Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs into the Coastal Ecosystem) project addressed the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the North Sea, with emphasis on coastal effects. ANICE focused on quantifying the deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds to the North Sea and the governing processes. An overview of the results from modelling and experimental efforts is presented. They serve to identify the role of the atmosphere as a source of biologically essential chemical species to the marine biota. Data from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (UK) are used to evaluate the effect of short episodes with very high atmospheric nitrogen concentrations. One such episode resulted in an average deposition of 0.8 mmol N m⁻² day⁻¹, which has the potential to promote primary productivity of 5.3 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹. This value is compared to long-term effects determined from model results. The total calculated atmospheric deposition to the North Sea in 1999 is 948 kg N km⁻¹, i.e. 0.19 mmol N m⁻² day⁻¹ which has the potential to promote primary productivity of 1.2 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹. Detailed results for August 1999 show strong gradients across the North Sea due to adjacent areas where emissions of NO_x and NH₃ are among the highest in Europe. The average atmospheric deposition to the southern part of the North Sea in August 1999 could potentially promote primary production of 2.0 mmol C m⁻² day⁻¹, i.e. 5.5% of the total production at this time of the year in this area of the North Sea. For the entire study area the atmospheric contribution to the primary production per m² is about two-third of this value. Most of the deposition occurs during short periods with high atmospheric concentrations. This atmospheric nitrogen is almost entirely anthropogenic in origin and thus represents a human-induced perturbation of the ecosystem.     

沉积盆地异常低压与低压油气藏成藏机理综述

地下异常低压主要有两种成因：抬升—剥蚀反弹和在介质孔隙度、渗透率非均质性条件下的区域地下水稳态流动，而化学渗透与流体“冷却”在低压形成中只起次要作用。根据圈闭类型、储盖组合及成藏过程，将低压油气藏分为三种类型：①常规地层型(除砂岩透镜体外)低压油气藏，低渗透岩石通常起遮挡作用，底水与边水不发育；②砂岩透镜体低压油气藏，通常分布于盆地中心的深部，具有不含水、充满油气的特点，油气的充注和水的排出与构造抬升之前压实作用、超压引起的水驱裂缝和毛细管力的作用有关，抬升—剥蚀引起的异常低压导致水由砂岩向页岩的流动有助于油气藏中水的排出；③深盆区低渗透储层低压气藏，通常分布在含水层的下倾方向(气水倒置)，异常低压是由于构造抬升致使超压向低压演化的结果。实例研究表明，构造抬升盆地中的低压系统是一个水动力相对封闭的体系，有利于油气的聚集与保存。     

天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅲ):水合物的产生、聚集和分解

从天然气水合物的产生、聚集和分解，分析天然气水合物的动态演化过程，沉积压实、地温梯度、构造运动以及深部流体对水合物产生的效率起决定作用，根据流体的运移和天然气水合物在水合物稳定带中的分布状况，天然气水合物的聚集可以分为构造聚集、地层聚集和混合聚集三种模式，当由于各种原因引起海底温压条件变化时，天然气水合物会发生分解，水合物也会在水体中上浮，在这个过程中，水合物的分解速率能高出其溶解速率二至三个数量级，海底泥火山、甲烷气柱、甲烷气裂缝、双似海底反射等大量的证据，都有助于揭示天然气水合物体系的动态演化的特征，弄清楚天然气水合物的动态演化过程对于我们未来对这种潜在能源的开发利用，并分析其在全球变化、碳循环以及海底滑坡中所起的作用有着相当重要的意义。     

利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比

提出了利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面信噪比的新方法，首先根据数字图像处理要求的格式，对地震剖面数据进行转换，得到地震剖面图像，分析了地震数据特点和初步地震图像的实验结果后，设计了新的预处理方法——“二维沿层滤波”，在此基础上，利用可以计算帧间运动速度及其变化都较大的改进的光流分析技术，计算出多幅地震剖面对应点的偏移量，然后应用图像积累技术对这多幅地震剖面进行积累，实现对三维地震数据体提高信噪比的处理，该方法充分利用了三维地震信息，不但可以提高整个数据体的信噪比，而且可以减少信号能量的损失，并保持原来的信号能量关系，使地震剖面的质量得到明显提高，为地震解释奠定良好的基础。     

Geochronology of Middle and Upper Pleistocene Loess Sections in Hungary

The application of both thermoluminescence and infrared stimulated luminescence dating to the extensively studied “classical” Hungarian loess/paleosol sequences from Basaharc, Mende, and Paks provides a reliable chronological framework and climatostratigraphic reconstruction for the last interglacial/glacial cycle. Based on this combined luminescence dating study a new chronology is proposed for the “Young Loess” in Hungary. Luminescence dating suggests that the loess below the MF2 horizon formed during the penultimate glaciation. The MF1 horizon probably formed during an interstade within oxygen isotope stage 3. For the youngest loess, overlying MF1, a very high accumulation rate was determined. Large time gaps occur above MF2 and MF1, indicating that most of the record of the last glaciation is missing in the standard sections at Basaharc, Mende, and Paks. Either large discontinuities or a very low accumulation rate occurred in all three type sections during the soil-forming periods. High-resolution studies of climatic proxies using this combined luminescence dating approach provide a reliable chronological framework for loess and loess derivatives of the last glacial cycle in Hungary, although a precise and complete chronostratigraphic reconstruction cannot be achieved from the incomplete records found at these sites.     

Ibex diggings in the Negev Desert highlands of Israel as microhabitats for annual plants. Soil salinity, location and digging depth affecting variety and density of plant species

About 400 Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana) dig many hundreds of temporary night beds, approximately 80 cm × 110 cm and 15 cm deep, on slopes near the edges of the cliffs bordering the Zin valley. The beds are used according to the wind direction and the size of the ibex group, which depends on the ibex social behaviour during the year.The diggings are gradually abandoned and become important microhabitats for seed accumulation and germination, seedling development and annual plant establishment. These are influenced by soil salinity, slope direction and angle, digging depth, and the time since the diggings were abandoned. A greater variety of plant species and plant density were found in these diggings than upslope from the diggings.