Agricultural policy reforms and sustainable land management: a New Zealand case study

This paper examines the link between poverty and land management within the context of New Zealand's almost total removal of subsidies to agriculture since 1984. The impact of these policy changes is explored through the findings from a detailed study of sixteen farms in the North Island hill country. Stress is identified as a primary link between social damage and environmental degradation. This link reinforces the impact of other linkages expressed in reduced production, lower stocking rates, and reduced capital inputs. Deregulation is claimed to be good. This paper shows that in certain circumstances this is not so.     

Application of the telluric and magnetotelluric methods in selection of sites for nuclear plants

The paper deals with the application of the telluric method and of magnetotelluric soundings including experimental and model data on the localization of tectonic disturbances in connection with the selection of appropriate sites for nuclear plants.     

关于地震台站极性校正的问题

国内外的台网中总是一些台站，其极性读取似乎是由大量台站Ｐ波初动的整体分布确定的震源机制相矛盾，这些矛盾通常被作为坏读（ｂａｄ ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ）处理，造成台站的极性问题的复杂原因究竟是什么，利用ＮＥＩＣ的核爆资料，文中给出两种可能推测：台站仪器本身的不可和地震本身的复杂性。     

中小震近场地震动估计中地震动衰减关系的适用性分析

核工程场地设计基准地震动确定中涉及弥散地震的地震动估计，这导致中小震近场地震动估计成为被关注的研究课题。本文基于一些中小震近场地震动记录资料，分析和探讨了国内外多种地震动衰减关系对中小震近场地震动估计的适用性问题，并结合我国几个核工程地震问题研究工作的实践对中小震近场地震动衰减关系确定的思路和原则提出了建议。     

Brazilian health regions and scales: A geographical perspective

Abstract:  This paper offers a geographical perspective on the way in which health regions have been defined and established in São Paulo as part of overall Brazilian health policy. To accomplish this, I first situate the Brazilian case in the international debate over the regionalization of health services. Second, I examine health regionalization in the case of São Paulo and show how the process is dynamic and complex, involving geographical scales that go well beyond the administrative boundaries of Brazilian municipalities.     

2D magnetic resonance tomography applied to karstic conduit imaging

Karstic conduits play a crucial role for water supply in many parts of the world. However, the imaging of such targets is generally a difficult task for most geophysical methods. Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method designed for imaging of water bearing structures. Initially, MRS was developed for characterizing horizontally stratified aquifers. However, when applying a 1D MRS measuring setup to the imaging of 2D–3D targets, the size of which may be much smaller than the loop, the accuracy and the lateral resolution may not be sufficient. We have studied the possibility of simultaneously processing several MRS aligned along a profile to perform a Magnetic Resonance Tomography (MRT). This work emphasizes the gain of resolution for 2D–3D imagery of MRT versus the interpolation of 1D inversion results of MRS along the same profile. Numerical modelling results show that the MRT response is sensitive to the size and location of the 2D target in the subsurface. Sensitivity studies reveal that by using the coincident transmitting/receiving (TX/RX) setup and shifting the loop around the anomaly area, the depth, section and position of a single karstic conduit with a size smaller than the MRS loop size can be resolved. The accuracy of the results depends on the noise level and signal level, the latter parameter being linked to the depth and volume of the karstic conduit and the water content in the limestone matrix. It was shown that when applying MRT to the localization of 2D anomalies such as karstic conduits, the inclination of the geomagnetic field, the orientation of the MRT profile and the angle of crossover of the conduit by the MRT profile must be taken into account. Otherwise additional errors in interpretation should be expected. A 2D inversion scheme was developed and tested. Both numerical and experimental results confirm the efficiency of the developed approach.     

根据构造环境剪应力值水平区分地震和核爆炸

根据地震破裂的断裂力学模式，导出了震源参数与地震发生处的构造环境剪应力值t0之间的函数关系．据此，可以大量计算震源处的构造环境剪应力值或背景应力值．若把核爆炸当作地震来计算，发现核爆炸的t0值平均在20MPa左右，明显地高于同震级地震的t0值．其结果可以作为区分地震与核爆炸的依据．      

Discrimination between nuclear explosions and earthquakes based on consideration of tectonic ambient shear stress values

IntroductionFor the need of a nuclear test ban treaty, international society must make great efforts to find effective methods for discrimination between earthquake and nuclear explosion. Thereupon, many methods of discrimination of nuclear explosion appeared. But, at present, there is some uncertainty to discriminate middle or small nuclear explosion (Peppin, McEvilly, 1974; Richards, Zarales, 1990). When we study tectonic ambient shear stress field of Southern California, we find that str…     

新时期西部地区贫困问题研究

西部地区是我国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深的地区，同时也是从类发展水平非常落后的地区，收入贫困与知识贫困、人力贫困并存。在上世纪末基本解决温饱之后，西部地区仍然面临着能否稳定脱贫、人力资源开发落后、农民税费过重等诸多扶贫新问题。在深入分析西部地区贫困特点及面临的新问题的基础上，提出了新世纪西部地区消除贫困战略的政策导向以及分三阶段实施贫困地区发展目标的基本设想。建议扶贫开发方式逐渐从以物质投入为主转向以人力资源投入为主，并与国家西部大开发中的“退耕还林（草）”、“西气东输”、“西电东送”等重大工程项目密切结合。     

Interrogating the ten-year transport plan

This paper presents an analysis of Transport 2010, the government's ten-year plan for transport. It develops discussions held by members of the RGS-IBG's Transport Geography Research Group (TGRG) in September 2000. It is argued that the plan marks something of a return to previous policies designed to accommodate increasing mobility.